University Of Central OklahomaDepartment Of Nursing Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Medical attendant? s Attitudes TowardDo Not Resuscitate Orders In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor Nursing 4522Nursing Research II Introduced toAllen Nottingham, R.N. , B.S. ByMeggin BeanJessica BrownellShannon GenzerLeslie LoomanShanna McIntosh April 20, 1998 Chapter by chapter list I. Presentation? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 Background? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 Theoretical Framework? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 4 Problem Statement? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5 Statement of Purpose? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..5 Research Question? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..6 Theoretical Definitions? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 6 Operational Definitions? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..7 II. Survey OF LITERATURE? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9 Introductory Statement? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9 Conceptual Framework? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..101. Pre-Conventional Degree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 112. Traditional Degree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 173. Post-Conventional Degree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 21 Summary? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .24 III. System? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 26 Introductory Statement? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 26 Research Puting? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 27 Subjects? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 27 Procedure? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 28 Instrumentality? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. 29 Assumptions identified with Methodology? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 31 IV. Reference? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 32 V. Supplements? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . 36 Appendix A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 36 Appendix B? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 41 Appendix C? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 42 Appendix D? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 43 Appendix E? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 45 Part I Presentation Foundation Many impacts, for example, social foundation, values, moral intentions, and convictions carry incredible power to hold up under upon about each assurance an individual must do all through a mean twenty-four hours whether it be a pick, thought, or activity. These impacts are utilized in the arrangement of perspectives around one? s conscience by and large, and roughly right or inaccurate. We will compose a custom paper test on College Of Central OklahomaDepartment Of Nursing Essay or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page All individuals have these youth impacts to acknowledgment for our perspectives, picks, considerations, and even convictions that are held darling. Mentalities created during adolescence and all through life play a cardinal capacity in the way individuals cooperate with each other, hold emergencies, or even spread with day by day employments that happen in their lives. These convictions are cardinal to each human whether they be woodworker, lawmaker, or enrolled nurture. So intermeshed in our everyday lives are these qualities, that actually often their capacity in the assurance strategy goes unnoticed. Indeed, one can populate their full life and neer have awareness with respect to what triggers certain feelings, emotions toward the other sex, or even what drives the method of thought. However, they are given to each contemporary as often as possible aimlessly, with each signal, each curved supercilium, and each faery story. The cognizance of their essence is optional to the interes t to hold them. They are the yarn that join networks together, carries individuals to a typical land, and gives numerous a purpose forever. Perspectives about perish and expiring are gotten from a belly to-burial place strategy of sing life and the convictions about perish that one acknowledges as their ain. In numerous human advancements convictions and issues environing perish are simply the 1s held dearest and nearest to oneself. Many, if non all, developments acknowledge that expire is nevertheless another measure in the system of life. In any case, contrasts by they way one may take to welcome or dodge perish are differed and many. How one decides to stand up to perish, what instrumentality, and even where to expire ( when 1 has the pick ) are on the whole undertakings of individual propensity. Utilization of Do Not Resuscitate ( DNR ) orders or exhaustive advances are other than issues of affinity ( when there is an actual existence will and these judgments are made before cut ) , and these inclinations influence numerous lives runing from companion to parental figure. As a wellbeing proficient, the medical attendant must cover with expire and those that are perishing on an about everyday balance. As a medical attendant, one must be mindful of their ain individual emotions and convictions sing perish and be set up to regard the needs of the patient sing this issue. All the more as often as possible, the medical attendant will be the extremely individual to move out a DNR request. This implies the medical caretaker may hold to stand and watch or take the manus of a patient while the person bites the dust. The assurance that an attendant will do will be founded on perspectives toward perish and demise, each piece great as the very impression of the DNR request. A few attendants may fathom a DNR request as a simple way out of costly clinical measures and an immediate manus in the perish of the patient, while others may consider it to be a kind terminal to a n agonizing and anguished being. When stood up to with the lawfulness of DNR orders and the humankind of mindful and wanting to proceed with life, the attendant is habitually gone up against with a difficulty. The attendant? s assurance can be one that can affect her calling each piece great as the needs of the patient. Whatever the medical attendant? s sentiments would they say they are, must be tended to so as to all the more likely capacity the patient and to ensure that the patient? s rights and best associations are at the focal point of the worry. By turn toing the medical caretaker? s issues with DNR orders or just expire itself, the patient advantages from the discernment that the medical attendant has an anxiety of why the individual in question may encounter a specific way about an impossible to miss subject. Comprehension of where our qualities, convictions, and perceptual experience start can only capacity to, help us go more grounded, increasingly empathetic, and wiser. Researchers of this overview accept that results will loan to the effectively enormous natural structure of nursing insight by introducing an article that when perused, may assist the perusers with looking inside oneself and find what convictions, or insufficiency of, are managing their activities. Thus toing this issue, the examination laborers feel that a medical caretaker will determine important infiltration which may help the person in question to better header with the issues environing a patient that is close to perish and has a DNR request joined to their outline. The examination laborers will other than present data on the system whereby arrangement of these perspectives or convictions happens and in making so will flexibly starting from whence changes and additionally trepidation of what we accept can be accomplished. Moreover, the exploration laborers accept that the degree to which these discoveries can be summed up are non only restricted only to specific floors or area s inside a hospital scene in any case, are accessible to everybody with the longing to comprehend what makes them care about specific issues. All things considered, these discoveries can be utile in nations of oncology, paediatricss, gerontologies, and additionally any nation where DNR orders are in topographic point. Plus, these discoveries can be utile in alleviative, each piece great as recuperating scenes, inside the spot health network, and the retirement network. When all is said in done, the exploration laborers trust that this data which may help anybody in their chase for worry of who and what they are, will other than work as an apparatus to affect a modification in how those that read this study handle each other each piece great as what one says and does. Hypothetical FrameworkKohlberg? s Theory of Moral Development will be utilized as a calculated model for this study ( Wong, 1995 ) . Kohlberg? s hypothesis comprise of three degrees. Inside every degree are two discernable periods of good turn of events. Inside degree one, the Pre-moral degree, are the stages one and two which area that an individual obeys guidelines to thwart punishment or to pass on about wages severally. Inside Kohlberg? s degree one is Piaget? s stage one of good intelligent reasoning called Moral Realism from which demeanor development, and mentalities about expire and perishing are defined ( Coffey A ; March, 1983 ) .The second Kohlberg degree is known as the Pre-Conventional degree. Inside this degree are stages three and four. Stage three tends to the technique whereby people seek after the gift of others by depicting themselves as great. Stage four regions that individuals have respect for approval and cultural request and that individuals are arranged towar d duty and respect for approval. Other than inside this degree is Piaget? s second period of good consistent reasoning called Morality of Cooperation which manages the way collaboration is accomplished in moral turn of events and its findings on creating moral intentions and attitudes.The last level of Kohlberg? s hypothetical record is the Post-Conventional degree. Inside this degree are the fifth and sixth stages. Stage five references that individuals are responsive to complying with equitably acknowledged Torahs and guidelines of conduct, while stage six infers that ethical quality is single compunctions. Inside this development surveies will be introduced that territory that medical caretakers map at this level of Kohlberg? s Theory of Moral Development. It is a direct result of this degree that one can be in contact with the feelings and mentalities that are answerable for how individuals feel and act sing a particular theme. These activities and the perspectives behind them a re the establishments for what makes something right or inaccurate ( at any rate in the leader of the individual or people included )

Microsurgery Essays - Surgery, Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery

Microsurgery A man came into the crisis ward at one o'clock. His thumb arrived in an hour later. The specialist's activity: get them back together. The fruitful re-appending of fingers to hand requires extended periods of time of meticulous work in microsurgery. In the working room , the specialist doesn't stand, yet sits in a seat that underpins her body. Her arm is supported by a cushion. Surgical blades are available as are other standard careful instruments, yet the stitch strings are practically imperceptible, the needle more slender than a human hair. And all the careful movement rotates around the most significant instument, the magnifying lens. The specialist will spend the following not many hours glancing through the magnifying instrument at broken veins and nerves and sewing them back together once more. The needles are slight to the point that they must be held with needlenosed gem dealer's forceps and will sew together nerves that are as wide as the thickness of a penny. To make such a join, the specialist's hands will move close to the width of the collapsed side of a bit of paper seen end on! Envision attempting to sew two bits of spaghetti together and you'll have some thought of what microsurgery includes. A quarter century prior, this current man's thumb would have been lost. Be that as it may, during the 1960s, specialist's started utilizing magnifying instruments to sew what recently had been practically undetectable veins and nerves in appendages. Their sewing strategy had been created on huge veins over 50 years sooner however couldn't be utilized in microsurgery until the needles and stitches turned out to be sufficiently little. The careful strategy, still generally utilized today, had removed the disappointing lack of quality from sewing tricky, round-finished veins by shrewdly transforming them into triangles. To do this, a cut finish of a vein was sewed at three equidistant focuses and pulled marginally separated to give a tied down, triangular sh ape. This currently fit simpler, progressively reliable sewing and prepared for microsurgery where upwards of twenty join should be made in a vein three millimeters thick. The needle utilized for this can be only 70 millimeters wide, just multiple times the width of a human platelet. This innovation is centered around getting body parts back together again effectively. The more veins reattached, the better the endurance chances for a toe or a finger. The better the nerve resection, the better the inclination in a harmed piece of the face, or control in a formerly futile arm. Be that as it may, the injured and cut off body part should be dealt with cautiously. On the off chance that a little piece of the body, for example, a finger is cut off, rather than torn, enveloped by a perfect covering, set aside briefly and afterward reattached inside a couple of hours, the possibility of progress is more than 90%, up to one great supply route and one great vein can be reattached. Not exclusi vely is miniaturized scale medical procedure permitting body parts to be reattached, it's likewise permitting them to be reshuffled. Prior to 1969, nothing should be possible for you on the off chance that you'd had your thumb crushed unrecoverable. In any case, in the previous 14 years, you would have been in karma, if your feet were flawless. Consistently in North America, several major toes are expelled from feet and joined onto hands. Now and again ligaments are moved from less significant neighboring fingers to permit the thumb to work better in its one of a kind job of contradicting different fingers and permitting us to grasp. While we in North America can live without our huge toes and never truly miss them, individuals in Japan can't. They need their enormous toes to keep the normal footwear, the stop up, on their feet. So their subsequent toe is taken. Ranchers, workers auto crash casualties and home jacks of all trades are the individuals regularly helped by microsurgery replants. Furthermore, on the grounds that veins are being reattached, consume casualties would now be able to profit. Folds of their solid skin are relentlessly reattached all the more effectively, vein by vein, to build risks that the unite will take. A few ladies, whose ailing Fallopian tubes have gotten blocked, can have them revived microsurgically. At the point when a carcinogenic throat must be evacuated, it very well may be supplanted utilizing a

A=p

A=p The story A+P by John Updike, takes pace in a store in the 1960's. Sammy, the storyteller, is filling in as a checkout assistant in the third aisle.As the story starts, three young ladies stroll into the store wearing just swimsuits. At the point when the young ladies arrive at the bread, Sammy considers the three. His eye first gets the one in the green plaid two-piece. Subsequent to breaking down her appearance he understands that he is a the register with a container of Hiho wafers. Sammy not recalling whether he rung the thing up, rings it through. This arrangement of the woman, and she shouted at Sammy, for slipping up.After settling the contention, Sammy sent the lady on her way. At the point when she leaves, Sammy sees that the young ladies are in the path between the registers and the exceptional receptacles. Sammy then he gets mindful of the way that they are not wearing shoes.QueenieHe then portrays for us the presence of the one of every a green two-piece. He calls this yo ung lady the thick one. The stout one has a rotund face and her lips are packed under he nose. The subsequent young lady, later called huge tall Gonnie goonie, has dark hair that didn't frizz right. She likewise has a jaw that is excessively long and she has a burn from the sun under her eyes. He summarizes her appearance a the young lady everyone finds alluring yet that doesn't make it. At that point he assesses the presence of the third young lady. From the time he began taking a gander at her he could tell that she was the sovereign of the three. He could tell this since she stroll with certainty and she realized how do it. it resembled she convinced them to accompany her s she could tell them the best way to do...

George Washington The Man Who Would not be King by Luke Robinson - Free Essay Example

There are many people who only remember George Washington as the very first president of the United States or the man on the one-dollar bill. Because of these minimal assumptions people do not care to research or even acknowledge the many other traits and personalities that are of George Washington. As a young man, he was pretty insecure yet full of himself and feared that another man would conduct better qualities than his own. When he was in his earlier years he was given the privilege to acquire his own land, but he did not receive his first assignment of battle until the age of twenty-two. Fort Necessity marked the first major event in his military career, but this battle carried a negative effect on the people and Washington. He surrendered to his enemies at midnight and proved himself a burden to the people. For this battle introduced the French and Indian War and many blamed him for this cause. But despite all the defeats and hardships that came with the insufferable Seven Years War, George Washingtons character and confidence was shaped and strengthened through his experiences and endless battles. Even later when the American Revolution came to place, Washington continued to prove his brilliance and leadership that was planted during his previous duels of war. For instance, on Christmas day he and his men snuck on enemy ground and gained victory over the British soldiers who became too drunk to prepare for such surprise. Washington proved himself to many people as the true American Revolution. Even with all the constant need for battle and struggle for victory, Washington did live outside of his military career. He was factually quite the bookworm. He would spend his free time educating himself and focusing his mind inside literature. He also enjoyed theater and even had a personal fav orite out of the plays he contentedly observed. Although he carried good character and practiced calming hobbies as shown previously, Washington had a few faults of his own. Specifically speaking, he was a man who desired women. He even fell in deep admiration for Sally Fairfax though she was already married and even showed his aspire towards Sally by published letters to her. Washington also owned slaves whom he viewed as property and nothing more. Near his death however, he found slavery to be useless and freed his slaves in his own will. With all his wit and pride Washington struggled for conquest and triumph over his enemies, but the presentation of his speech to the officials was the most important performance he ever made. Though seeming shocking, he actually won the hearts of the officials by wearing a significant pair of glasses. For the glasses symbolized his decline in strength and his own personal pain. Through his speech men viewed him as he dreamed they would: the man who was qualified for leadership and a man of integrity. Washington might have been a man of insecurities growing up, but because of his perseverance, leadership, and recognition within himself he became the first and one of the gr eatest presidents in all history. May generations to com remember and acknowledge the true biography of George Washington.

The Code Of Chivalry By Sir Gawain - 1503 Words

James Fellenbaum Erika Hylton English 231-1001 10 July 2015 Equal Perfection The code of chivalry is an important plot element in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight that constructs ideal characteristics for the court of Camelot under King Arthur’s rule. This code also represents perfection, to which Camelot was described as being close to perfect. Even though never expressly stated within the work, other kinsmen related to Arthur outside Camelot share varying ethics within the code. Clearly The Knight’s code was more than a goal for perfection but also a blueprint for ideal morality. The Knights code of chivalry is best associated with The Court of Camelot due to King Arthur’s enforcement of said code. Sir Gawain a high knight and nephew of King Arthur, is also subject to this code, encompassing five sets of five. (p. 741) Also on the same page sir Gawain obviously finds importance in the last set of five containing: friendship, fraternity, purity politeness, and pity â€Å"five things which mean more to Gawain than most other men.† A lthough the origin of the code is never mentioned, Gawain may be more fond of the code had his uncle created it. These five sets of five are represented by a pentangle, where each set of five is represented by a point on the pentangle. One of those points on the pentangle represents the five wounds of Christ on the cross. This is a direct reference to Christianity, with the pentangle also serving as character guidance just as the North Star GuidedShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Chivalry By Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Code of Chivalry was a moral system which went beyond rules of combat and introduced the concept of Chivalrous conduct - qualities idealized by the Medieval knights such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and great gallantry toward women. The Codes of chivalry also incorporated the notion of courtly love. The Code of Chivalry was the honor code of the knight and was an important part of the society and lives of people who lived during the Medieva l times. The world of Sir Gawain and the Green KnightRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Chivalry Essay796 Words   |  4 Pagesimportantly, served by a code. This was a code dealing with chivalry, in which knights obeyed by. The article Nighthood and Chivalry, defines it by, â€Å"In modern English, chivalry means the ideals, virtues, or characteristics of knights,† (Velde). There is one specific knight who shows this code in the story, Sir Gawain and The Green Knight. The knight is Gawain, a noble and courageous man who makes a deal with the Green Knight. The story Sir Gawain and The Green Knight shows chivalry by respect, strengthRead MoreA Knight s Honor : An Analysis Of Chivalry865 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Chivalry† Throughout history, people of certain cultures base their lives off special rules, or codes. The Anglo-Saxons took examples from the epic hero of Beowulf. Knights during King Arthur’s rule lasted by the code of Chivalry. Lessons from this honorable code can be extracted from the text of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, as well as from Morte D’Arthur. Each of these memorable pieces of literature show examples of the code of chivalry. The three aspects of chivalry are courageRead MoreEssay on Chivalric Romance in Sir Gawin and the Green Knight701 Words   |  3 Pagesdoes a Chivalric Romance really represent? In â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† Sir Gawain continuously proves his knightly virtues and code of honor. Chivalry includes bravery, honor and humanity. He proves that he is in fact a â€Å"real† knight. It shows many ways that â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† are perfect and the emphasis on the importance of the chivalric code. Despite its divine origins, the chivalric code is ultimately a human ideal. Chivalry is not a trait naturally found in man, but ratherRead MoreChivalry Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight904 Words   |  4 PagesChivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight There are many great movies, like â€Å"300† or â€Å"Saving Private Ryan,† that are told with the classic chivalry elements that were known to describe the noble knights from hundreds of years ago. Much like the courageous soldiers in these movies, Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faced many conflicts that might have questioned his moral code of nobleness. Sir Gawain was a great knight that was loyal to King Arthur and had the courage to take on theRead MoreChivalry is the code of conduct on which someone, in particularly the Knights, acts on honor,600 Words   |  3 PagesChivalry is the code of conduct on which someone, in particularly the Knights, acts on honor, courage, and to protect the Queen and all women. I’m sure that we all know someone who acts on this basis and strives to make it so he gets it to where everyone else does. In today’s world we don’t call it chivalry, instead its called rules and laws, laws that keep us in l ine so we don’t get out of control and accidentally do something that we shouldn’t have done. I know in wrestling and every other sportRead MoreThe Middle Ages : Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1742 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Middle Ages designates the time span roughly from the collapse of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance and Reformation† (â€Å"The Middle Ages†). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the thirteenth and fourteenth century, along with Morte D’Arthur. Both medieval epics exemplify bravery and courage as their themes. â€Å"The only universal European institution during the Medieval Era was the Catholic Church which had all the local power within the local bishops† (Sagona). The church saw itselfRead MoreThe Code Of Chivalry And The Fundamental Thoughts And Actions Of Human Nature1499 Words   |  6 PagesMary Gamboa English 2223 Jennifer Smith 26 November 2015 Sir Gawain†¦ Chivalric? By analyzing Sir Gawain’s attempts of following the Code of Chivalry and the fundamental thoughts and actions of human nature helps to further analyze Gawain’s character. The definition of Chivalry is the â€Å"set of values and code of conduct for the medieval knightly class† (Shatz) examining Gawain’s attempts to achieve his goal of being the perfect chivalric knight, the nature of his obstacles has to beRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn the medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, translated by Brian Stone, the idea of righteousness pervades Sir Gawain’s quest. The poem was first written in Arthurian England, where the knights are expected to follow the code of chivalry, which tells them how to behave. Sir Gawain, the main character, is no exception, as every decision he makes follows that code of chivalry, save one. He is then punished for that one foolish choice, suggesting that a man must strive to be chivalrous, evenRead MoreExamples Of Chivalry In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1116 Words   |  5 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, King Arthur’s court is the epitome of chivalry within its own secluded walls. The code of chivalry to which the knights adhere to included many virtues like mercy, courage, valour, fairness, protection for the weak, a loyalty to their lord, willingness to give up their life for another and the widely known courtly love. In the outside world when faced with opposing ideals and trials this code of chivalry is quickly forgotten or rather ignored. Looking at Sir Gawain

Essay on Adv English Peter Skrzynecki - 874 Words

How has your understanding of the concept of belonging been shaped by the representation of relationships and events that you have encountered in the texts you have studied for the Area of Study: Belonging? Belonging requires an individual to build a connection with another person or group over time, these connections are often developed through shared experience and understanding. Peter Skrzynecki’s poems; â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† (1975) and â€Å"Migrant Hostel† (1975) offer various perspectives and representations on this concept. Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"A clean well lighted place† (1926) and the picture â€Å"Berlin Wall† by unknown (1973) compliment these perspectives and representations further. A lack of shared events and time†¦show more content†¦The younger waiter believes he has â€Å"no regard for those who have to work.† On the contrary the older waiter also doesn’t belong to a family and attempts to explain â€Å"he stays up because he likes it† â€Å"it’s clean and well lighted† the light acting as a metaphorical parallel to the comfort the cafà © offers in his otherwise dark life. Seeing as the older waiter understands him he does his best to make the customer feel he belongs and build a relationship with him. He realises that not everyone shares the same perspective realising â€Å"it’s not only a question of youth† but in this case a question of lack of relationships allowing sympathy and explaining his actions. â€Å"Migrant Hostel†, gives the responder a perspective of the plight of migrants and the trouble they face in building relationships due to the events in their past and the lack of understanding in the world around them. The metaphor of the â€Å"barrier at the main gate†¦ Pointed in reprimand or shame† demonstrates how their housing affects them. A person cannot belong if they feel shamed, furthermore they consider themselves â€Å"birds of passage† with constant â€Å"comings and goings.† The constantly fluctuating events in their life results in an in-ability to form relationships as they have in-adequate time to form them, hindering belonging. Despite this shared â€Å"memories of hunger and hate† allowing some belonging, the alliteration emphasises the hardship of

Adams Aircraft Analysis Report free essay sample

Adam aircraft is a company that mainly deals in designing, building and certifying new products. The main factor that brought this company into being was that in the aviation industry for many years it lacked a company that wanted to get involved in the business of making new aircrafts from scratch. The above was experienced due to two factors lack of financing and lack of government support. These two factors can be elaborated by the following sentiments:   it’s not until 1994 when the government stepped in to protect aircraft manufacturers from lawsuits that emanated from dealing with aircrafts that were older than18 years. Before this the industry had died because of the many suits that had been filed. Thus not many people wanted to join an industry that would cost them more money in running other than the investment itself. To build a single aircraft is valued at the price of 250 million dollars this value is minus the certification process which takes a lot of money. The two factors are the main contributors of lack of innovation when it comes to the aviation industry. Adam Aircraft Company is an example of a company that has defied all odds in the aviation industry by escaping such hurdles as technology, capital, competition from staunch players like the Cessna and Boeing builders, and skeptics’ from players of the aviation sector, to come to a point of success by creating A500 and A700. The company is faced with major responsibilities which include the need of more finances to improve their innovation models in this industry as they have majored in light weight jets. In the past they have been using a lean budget to oversee their innovations. The company has opted to this kind of plane to increase its utility and increase efficiency. Another major responsibility faced by the company is the need of working through a lean budget, to deliver planes in good time that are not behind schedule or which will be carried out in a slow pace attracting the attention of competitors who will end up using their ideas to make better planes. Adam aircraft company has done well from its conception of humble begins they have grown to beat some of their competitors just by being innovative and timely in their actions. By the fact that they take anything that comes their way with outmost confidence they work with ultimate swagger of understanding their strategies well and to the core. They have taken the advantages of technology and used it to their advantage, this they have done by making it possible the designing of plane structures using the computer which tends to give them preciseness and accurate findings. The fore-mentioned idea helps the company to beat deadlines. Its engineers are always ready to upgrade new ideas and learn more as they work hence their ingenuity is affected to the maximum. When faced with challenges they tend to face it with an attitude of possibilities other than brushing it away to oblivion. Take for the case of john being asked if they can be able to solve the problem of putting an overhead window on an A500 plane to increase visibility of the tanker high and right, the engineers at Adams aircraft could do it in a week’s time. The engineers at Adams aircraft are committed people who are adaptable and flexible flourished and with their years of experience. Key recommendations include the need of motivation which should be revived daily in the company as the spirit of innovation is kept alive. Recruiting new engineers as their market flourishes should be inculcated as the new employees come in, in-training and key company strategies should be instilled in them. Introduction This analysis report on Adam Aircraft Company will mainly dwell on two issues how to waiver competition from established companies in this sector and the challenges that they face as they try to sell their product and new innovation ideas to a market that seems to be resilient to change. The market seems to be inflexible and question new comers who come to the arena. Will the company be able to sell its new innovative ideas because they need the money when it comes to expansion and carrying out research as they invent new products in the aviation industry? The art of selling themselves in market that has lain dormant for more than 3 decades is a major hurdle this report is going to evaluate the market, try to comprehend what the market needs in terms of approach, what kind of problems the industry faces when it comes to a stringent, inflexible, neglected market. (Sheehan 2003) How will they counter the problem of competition in relation to timeliness? They have to invent ways on which they can increase their speed when it comes to the time given to research new findings and the time of implementation of research findings. This is the main factor that will distract their competitor’s stables. How to go about it has to be brought to the light by the basis of finding the strengths and weakness characterized in the sector. Marketing Adam Aircraft Company has a market plan already set in place this is by the fact that it sells its product to the government and private owners. It has specialized in selling of the A700 Models twin engine aircraft and A500 Models thrust twin engine aircraft meaning it has a goal in place.   But how can they increase their market space in order to increase transactions which will alleviate the problems of job cuts brought about by the economic melt down that is being experienced world wide? One market area they should expound in, is the private owners through the charter system. They can make them their biggest customers by approaching and selling their ideas to them. With their A700 Model which can carry an approximate number of three people per trip it can go down well because the charted planes operate like taxis or cabs. Though people would like to travel in charted planes the ability to do so sometimes is unachievable. Hence Adams Aircraft Company should be able to provide affordable rates when it comes to their chattered services. Availability and accessibility of their planes should also be improved. The second market group is the private jet charters, this group can be considered a unique group which brings about specializing the services. People who make up this group consist of entertainers, athletes and celebrities these kinds of people are always on the move and are on tight schedules. Thus they need to have packages that are efficient and reliable. These private planes should be constructed in such way that will enhance privacy, comfort ability and convenience. By making them spacious, by having in built refreshing areas and other essentials that will be needed by this group of people. (Sheehan 2003) The advantage of investing in chartered airplanes is the fact that security details are given full cover. In that the charter company takes full responsibility when disaster strikes like terror attacks. Another advantage posed by private jets is that the customers are exposed to the equipments of the plane thus knowing and gaining full knowledge of the plane thus the eventual buying of the plane. A private charted plane also encourages employees and workers to communicate with each other without much ado of others hearing their work matters. In chartered planes the customers get the advantage of using a wide variety of services offered with different planes for various kinds of operation needed by the customer. This is because small planes have variable speeds and different kinds of equipments installed hence it gives the user an opportunity to experiment with all planes and one day perhaps will buy the best of them all. To reach the clients the company needs to employ various marketing skills such as employing sales personnel, employing direct customer contact and reaching out to other companies that offer the same kind of services to rent the companies planes. To penetrate the market even further Adam Company can develop a soft ware that will enable the market to respond to problems experienced while using its services. This will make the definition of the customers problem to be highlighted and alternative solutions be delivered. The company also should diversify its network to other countries especially developing countries who have the older models kind of planes that tend to have major snarl ups especially when it comes to visibility problems. Due to the high research inn put being put by the company it should find ways of approaching governments of other countries on the advantages of using their highly motivated air planes that have spare parts availability. Adams Aircraft Company can also venture into creating spare parts of old models. Thus this will increases their market share, because of the vacuum created due to the dormant years. It can take the initiatives of inventing more susceptible spare parts that will be used on old models. This initiative will go along away in increasing their capital standings, because it will cover even models that are not of their company. Thus beating their competitors at their own game, taking for instance they will increase their innovativeness when it comes to these said spare parts. This venture will mean more money being pumped in for research purposes but the out right benefits to be found afterwards are of outmost gain. They can take the above measure into two ways, one creating spare parts that are compatible with what they are specializing in that is for A700 planes and A500 planes, here they only need to upgrade the spare parts of other models to be compatible with theirs, this will enhance saving on capital subjected to the project. The second way is creating new spare parts from scratch for the old models. This will mean a lot of research input and capital investment. In conclusion it’s a venture that will increase its market share and pump in more money to the company. Competition Competition is another area of concern. Adam aircraft company should device ways on how to combat competition from their detractors. Adam Company is a new company in this arena compared to pipers, Cessna and Boeing which have rooted their operations world wide.   By taking advantage of their research and innovativeness they can increase their profit margin. But their lean budget tends to restrict them to progressive meaningful steps. This is to imply that timely acts can differentiate between the space of actual innovation and implementation. (Sheehan 2003) Adam aircraft company should pump more money to its research programs this will enhance its innovative programmes. This should be followed by specializing in the manufacturer of light weight jets only. This will mean they will go into research to improve what they already have meaning, not much money will be needed because it’s a continuation of the first process. They will be aiming to improve in efficiency, increase in capacity, and increase speed. By concentrating on a selected set of items more energy is directed to one certain point thus the end product will be a good product that doesn’t waiver because of economic recessions. The time between innovation and making a complete revolution of a product should be decreased with appropriate money set aside for certification process which is quite expensive. Business in mini jets and jets is anticipated by the majority of the population which likes to save time that is usually wasted at the airports and a population that likes to enjoy privacy and convenience thus this factor should motivate Adam Aircraft Company to continue producing its series of light weight jets. (Sheehan 2003) Two specific trends that favor the innovation of jets are as flows: proliferation of fractional ownership programs and the introduction of relatively low cost mini jets. As explained in other paragraphs increased flexibility in trip scheduling has improved by the accessibility of mini jets. Fractional ownership can be defined as the process where by a company buys a fraction of a fleet owned by lets say Adam Aircraft Company. This entitles that particular company to use that fleet at their own convenient time while paying for the services rendered. This includes the use of every kind of aircraft that Adam Company owns in its fleet this is arranged on the basis of the company paying a small fraction of the typical purchase price. This arrangement provides the user with a fixed number of hours that can be used per year. Another more innovative way of practicing the above idea is that of having jet cards program that entails individuals and companies to accesses flight time in 25 hour increments, hence increasing accessibility and lowering the cost than buying into a fractional ownership program. The above area hasn’t been exploited to its limits thus Adam aircraft Company can specialize in it. (Sheehan 2003) Manufacturers of these small jets should be well equipped to serve its clients who are more interested to efficiency and service delivery. The demand of these small airplanes has risen as years go by, Adam Aircraft Company should innovate smaller piston engines that can impact high altitude air space and air space around major metropolitan areas. It is expected by 2015 the growth and idea of plane taxi would have spiraled to up to 20% this should be factor on which Adam aircraft company should rely on to beat its competitors. The main cause of the two problems that is market penetration and competition can be attributed to one, a market that has lain dormant for over thirty years without the introduction of new products. The market was used to having models made in the sixties and seventies whose wiring systems and engines had been elapsed by time and technology, though they had adapted fine to its defects. The entry to this sector of manufacturing small jets and planes needs a lot of money for starters and incase of lack of time management a good innovation can be elapsed by occurring events leading to innovation of a product being back scheduled. A company needs a team of experienced engineers who are able to innovate better, efficient and faster planes compared to the planes made in the seventies. Security and safety measures should also be taken for consideration. (Sheehan 2003) The second problem of competition arises by the fact that in this field there are large companies that have been in the playing field for ages. For example large companies such as Boeing and Cessna have a large market and capital base thus for a company like Adam aircraft company to weaver that competition it needs to strategies its services and production levels. Adam Aircraft Company needs to increase their capital base in order to increase their competitive rates, by this they can materialize on specialization, increase innovation, increase and expand their delivery boundaries by involving charter companies. Conclusion For a successful company to affect its course it has to have a strategy that is well organized. In our case study the Adam Aircraft Company has that; it has specialized in an area that is perceived by many in the aviation sector as minor. But times are changing and the mode of having taxis and cabs on road will invade the air space and soon this industry of light weight jets will pronounce its vastness. As other big players continue to ignore the fertile grounds that small jets offer if innovation is instilled, their sector of heavy planes will be adversely affected by the competition it will experience in coming years. As more people venture for efficiency, more personalized services, and privacy that only the small jets and planes can offer. It is by the above fact that Adam aircraft company should take the pioneering role of establishing a company that will dully specialize in creating jets that have increased efficiency. By now their might be a negligent growth when it comes to usage of light weight jet but as civilization takes its course and sophistication improves the market will flourish for this kind of business.

To Paint a Water Lily free essay sample

In the poem To Paint a Water Lily, there is surprisingly little written about the lily itself. The poet focuses more on the surroundings of the lily. He may be telling the artist how to paint a lily, but he believes that the key to mastering the painting lies within realizing the lilys true beauty and understanding the world it lives In. The true beauty of the water lily is that despite the chaos surrounding It, It rests unmoved and still as a painting on the ponds surface. The speaker believes that the artist gust realize this before he can adequately paint the lily. The artist must take In the environment, the good and the bad, before understanding how truly magnificent the still water Lily Is. The water Lily roofs the ponds chamber and paves the flies furious arena. Yet theres the lily, stuck between two worlds. We will write a custom essay sample on To Paint a Water Lily or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The writer uses Dalton to depict the Lilys surroundings as dangerous. The dragonfly bullets by and there are other creatures with Jaws for heads that crawl In the darkness.The author Is definitely setting a tone using this imagery. Only once the Luvs surroundings are taken In can the true beauty of the lily be revealed to the artist. Even amongst all of the creatures and madness, there sits the water lily, trembling hardly at all. The poet knows that theres both an ugly and a beautiful side to nature and he wants this to be known to the artist. Once the artist realizes all of this he can finally begin to paint. Now paint the long-necked lily-flower.

Looking for Black Holes in Out-Of-The-Way Galaxies

Looking for Black Holes in Out-Of-The-Way Galaxies Black holes are strange beasts in the cosmic zoo. They come in two types: stellar and supermassive. Its now well known that most galaxies have many stellar-mass black holes scattered throughout. Theyre usually created by the deaths of stars in supernova explosions. Theyre sometimes found in binary systems, where a black hole and a white dwarf or some other type of star are doing an orbital dance with each other. An artists conception of a stellar-mass black hole (in blue) hat likely formed when a supermassive star collapsed, feeding from material ejected by a nearby star. ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel) Meet the Behemoths The largest black holes, the supermassives, are tucked away in the hearts of galaxies and contain the mass of millions or billions of stars. They spend at least some of their time chowing down on material in their immediate neighborhoods. Most of the supermassive black holes astronomers know about are tucked away  in galaxies that themselves are bundled together in clusters. The largest one found so far has the mass of 21 billion suns and holds court in the core of a galaxy in the Coma Cluster. Coma is a huge conglomeration that lies 336 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy. The heart of the Coma Cluster of galaxies; one of the galaxies contains the most massive black hole ever found. This HST image reveals galaxies and globular clusters associated with the core of the cluster. NASA/ESA/STScI That wasnt the only big one out there. Astronomers also found a 17-billion-solar-mass black hole hunkered down in the core of a galaxy called NGC 1600, which itself is in a cosmic backwater where only about 20 galaxies exist. Since most of the really big black holes live in the big cities (that is, in well-populated galaxy clusters) finding this one out in the galactic sticks tells astronomers that something strange had to have happened to create it in its current galaxy. Merging Galaxies and Black Hole Build-ups So, how does a monster black hole get stashed away in a small-town galaxy cluster? One possible explanation is that it merged with another black hole at some point in the distant past. Early in the history of the universe, galaxy interactions were much more common, building ever-larger ones from smaller ones. Galaxy collisions contribute to the formation of supermassive black holes. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows a collision called the Antennae. During the course of the collision, billions of stars will be formed and any central black holes in each of the colliding galaxies can merge to form ever-larger monsters. NASA/ESA.STScI When two galaxies merge, not only do their stars and gas and dust mingle, but their central black holes (if they have them, and most galaxies do) migrate to the core of the newly formed, more massive galaxy. There, they orbit each other, becoming whats called a binary black hole. Any stars or clouds of gas and dust are in double jeopardy from the gravitational pull of these black holes. However, this material can actually steal momentum from the black holes (provided it doesnt fall right into them). When that happens, the stars escape, leaving the black holes with less momentum. They start to move closer together, and eventually, they merge to create a behemoth black hole. It continues to grow by gobbling up gas funneled to the core throughout the collision. Growing a Massive Black Hole So, how did NGC 1600s black hole get so massive? The most likely explanation is that it was extremely hungry at one point in its early life, leading it to suck in lots of gas and other material. That huge appetite may explain also why the host galaxy is in such a small cluster, compared to other supermassive black holes in galaxies in the hearts of much larger clusters. NGC 1600 is the largest, most massive galaxy in its group. Its also three times brighter than any of the other nearby galaxies. That huge difference in brightness is not something astronomers have seen in other groups. Most of the galaxys gas was consumed long ago when the black hole blazed as a brilliant quasar from material streaming into it that was heated into glowing plasma. In modern times, NGC 1600s central black hole is relatively quiet. In fact, astronomers called it a sleeping giant. That explains why it hadnt been detected in earlier studies of the galaxy. Astronomers stumbled across this massive monster when they were measuring the velocities of nearby stars. The intense gravitational field of the black hole affects the motions and speeds of stars. Once astronomers were able to measure those speeds, they could then determine the black holes mass. How Do Astronomers Even Find a Black Hole? Astronomers used special instruments at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii to study the light coming from the stars near the black hole in NGC 1600. Some of those stars are circling the black hole, and that motion shows up in the starlights fingerprint (called its spectrum). Other stars had motions that seem to suggest that they had once ventured a bit too close to the black hole and were gravitationally flung away in a more-or-less straight line from the galaxy core. This makes sense since Hubble Space Telescope data also showed the core to be very faint. Youd expect that if the black hole were tossing stars away from itself. Its possible that NGC 1600s core has ejected enough stars to make 40 billion suns. That tells astronomers theres a pretty powerful and massive black hole hidden away at the heart of this galaxy, which lies some 209 million light-years from Earth. Instruments attached to Gemini Observatory can be used to study the fingerprints of light streaming away from the regions around black holes such as that in NGC 1600. Gemini Observatory Key Takeaways Black holes exist throughout many galaxies. The cores of spirals and ellipticals usually contain supermassive black holes.The elliptical galaxy NGC 1600 has a fairly massive black hole at its heart.Astronomers are working to understand why this galaxy has such a massive black hole. Sources â€Å"A View of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1600.†Ã‚  HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials - About Edwin Hubble, hubblesite.org/image/3723/news.Dunbar, Brian. â€Å"What Is a Black Hole?†Ã‚  NASA, NASA, 21 May 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes.

Violence in Mental Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Violence in Mental Health - Essay Example The study is focused on presenting the different issues and factors pertinent to the violence in mental health services and facilities. To be able to achieve the said objective, there are different points that are needed to be given attention and meaning, for example the definition of the violence that can be experienced by medical providers and nursing personnel. Definition of Violence in Mental Services There are different medical conditions that can result to violence toward health care providers. Included in the said conditions are mental health, substance abuse and the combined effects of the two. In the study conducted to determine the characteristics of violence for recent entrants to acute mental health and substance abuse facility, results had shown that there is a high prevalence of violence within the sample population studied. Approximately 41% of the 171 individuals included in the study had been involved in incidents of violence within the period of 30 days. In the recorded cases of violence, The study reached a conclusion that violence is prevalent in mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities but presented the significance of the bias due to the fact that data gathering was based on self-reporting, thus, violent incidents that the patients committed were understated. (Mericle & Havassy, 2008, p.392). Aside from the definition of the pertinent concepts in the topic then, the study presented the need to establish standards in the measurement of data related to violence within medical services. The main focus of the study is violence against mental health professionals. Significant number of nursing staff views the issue as an occupational hazard but the reality of the problem had been the focus of concern of authorities on the safety of the health care professionals specifically due to the effects of the violence which can range from simple physical pain to the worst which is death. Psychological effects cannot also be neglected since based on results of studi es the trauma can be compared to experiencing crimes and natural calamities (Anderson & West, 2011, p.34). Risk Factors in Violence Against Medical Professionals The risk factors are also pertinent to the study specifically the patients’ tendency to commit violence and the health professionals characteristics’ that can fall victim to violent scenarios in mental facilities (Anderson & West, 2011, p.34). The patients’ tendency to commit violence had been explored by different organizations of authority. One of the main risks contributing to violence is severe mental illness of the patient in mental services. Based on the research conducted by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), patients with serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, major depression or bipolar disorder have 2 to 3 times higher impulse to commit violent assaults as compared to other patients. But the percentage of people with such conditi ons is very limited that it cannot significantly alter the violent cases in mental health services. In addition to serious mental illness, the presence of multiple mental conditions can also increase the

MAN SEARCH FOR MEANING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MAN SEARCH FOR MEANING - Essay Example Uninterrupted and successive strokes of negative impacts naturally cause gloom leaving a sense of bleak future. Although intermittent, impacts of positive feedbacks create a sense of over confidence which many times pave way to egotism and subsequent pitfalls thereby maintaining a vicious cycle. Oscillation between these two ends weakens human mind to land on a clear cut understanding what the meaning of life is. In fact, it is very fluid. To conceptualize the concept the phenomena and the factor of time have necessarily to be judged in the right sense. For the meaning of life differs from man to man, from day to day and from hour to hour. What matters, therefore, is not the meaning of life in general but rather the specific meaning of a persons life at a given moment. As such, according to Frankl, any verdict, judgment or assessment at a moment is subject to change at any other moment. This passes much light on our sheer incapacity to act on the strength of our ideology framed already on the basis of previous affixing of meaning. Going by the events around us becomes inevitable in several circumstances especially when under the influence of fetters. Multifaceted approach is practically impossible as the only process of thinking is concentrated in getting the fetters released. Even the various aspects of ideologies are diverted towards the same direction. Only by allowing a very strong contention of good hope of release would make it possible to think outwards. Such strong contention allows accepting things as such. Once we begin to accept things as they are, a ray of brightness enters. Lateral thinking feasible only under conditions of complete fulfillment or contentment. However, honing of our thinking process is made convenient under fettered situations. Several mighty works of great people have emerged at prisons. This proves the truth that man begins to observe his own

Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay Example for Free

Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay 1. Specifications for a dry pipe sprinkler system in a cold storage warehouse The fire protection system to be supplied based on these specifications is dry pipe sprinkler Related works include electrical installations, walls penetrations sealing as well as the relevant drawings and calculations. To assure quality, all materials designs and works shall be supervised by qualified person (NICET level III certificate). Calculations are to be based on NFPA 13 and no detail shall be left or assumed. Sprinklers shall be availed in elevators and stairwells. The sprinkler performance shall be tested after installation. The new system of sprinkling design should meet all pre-set codes and standards for effective performance. The system components and devices shall be recommended by under writer Lab in ULFPE directory. Minimum experience of the contractor is 5 years. Layout must be supervised by experienced person and quality assurance done by a different qualified person. Submittals shall be done in one package, reviewed and then signed as required. The system drawings with all relevant required information by NFPA shall be provided. Calculations for the system’s remote areas with regard to one critical light hazard and ordinary hazard areas shall be done as requires by NFPA. Relevant compliance certificates shall be submitted. They include certificate of quality assurance, experience, test certificate for contractor and the various respective NICET III certificates. Again, all design and installation documents shall be required as issued by NFPA as well as the contract drawings. The dry pipe system sprinkler shall be piped in accordance with NFIA 13. All valves (control, drain, alarm and check valves) should meet the fine specifications as listed in UL. The sprinkler installed shall UL listed, its location strategic and its temperature appropriate for the room in is installed. Listing of each sprinkler shall be based on the classification of the room in which it is installed. The rooms are classified based on their occupancy. The dry systems switch and all tamper switches have to be linked to the fire alarm control panel as required by NFPA code 71 and 72 (Zalosh, 2003, pp. 166-168). 2. The reasons why a builder or architect might give a sprinkler contractor an incomplete set of contract drawings. There are a number of reasons that have been placed to explain why an architect may end up giving a contractor for sprinklers incomplete contract drawings. First, the builder or the architect may lack the competence in the engineering field. He may not the capacity to make workable designs for fire fighting equipment and for sprinklers in particular. Again, the architect may not have the relevant experience with respect to designing various systems for buildings that are of varying sizes and that may have varying needs for fire fighting systems. Through experience, a builder is capable of easily spotting an incomplete drawing. This is because most experienced architects have customized their expertise by developing check lists for the various requirements that make a contact drawing complete. In case they are in hurry, these check lists can fruitfully assist them in ensuring all important components in a contract drawn for a sprinkler contractor is complete. It is true to say that most architects specialize in designing houses and most leave minimum provisions for structures that are installed long after the house is competed. This is because most architects do not have an idea for what purpose the house they are designing shall be used. The fire fighting systems are installed as the need arise depending on the use for which the house shall be used. Sometimes, although rarely, some architects once they spot errors they had made in their designs, they may distort the designs to cover up their errors and this way, they evade possible blame for such errors (Gagnon, 1998, p. 107). This blame is avoided because it can cause serious impacts on the company contracted to design, given that they are in business and they need to keep their reputation. However, this action is against the requirements of the Code of Conduct for engineers. 3. The response time for the Californian fire department According to the Californian fire control and suppression department, the response time for this department vary considerably. This was evident from the various reports obtained from the department. The response time as discussed here denotes the period from the time when the department is informed about a fire incident through the preparation for take off until the time they reach the fire site. The major explanation given for this difference in response time was due to the various circumstances surrounding each fire break case. This could range from issues like distance, accessibility, appropriateness of the equipment available and the preparedness of the fire fighting crew in the given station. Response time Based on the principles of effective fire control, suppression and management, there is no specified time which can be termed as the ideal response time. The ideal response time is the best time possible within which a crew will get to the burning site and start acting upon the fire, in the given circumstances. For this ideal response time to be gotten there is need of strong spirit of team work from all parties concerned, starting with the commanders at the station to the fire fighters in action (Ammons, 2001, p. 157). Communication has to be most effective and the message about the incidence must be clearly and coherently communicated and information about what, where and when should be precisely given for response time to be as short as possible. Accessibility will be determined by the location of the burning property. Air crafts may be used where the fire is deep in the forests and land vehicles may be used where the site is accessible by road. Response time is usually prolonged in cases where fire is in a slum or where the estate planning was too poor as to allow accessibility in times of emergency. Some times, the planning could have provided for this but poor management of the available structures such as bridges could be the barrier. Generally, an exponential function is the result of correlating the damage caused by fire with the time it takes before suppression efforts begin. This means the more time you take, the little you should expect to rescue. Therefore, it is essentially basic to respond within the first few minutes from the time you receive the signal and the approach should of course avoid panic. The fire should be fought professionally. Although the response time for this department appear to be timely, it is advisable for companies relying on this facility for fire management to install their sprinkler fire fighting systems to avoid any loss that can result to delayed response from the fire department. Although this may not fully content the fire, it can substantially suppress the fire before the crew from the department arrives, therefore preventing total losses. 4. Measure the height of your house from ground level to the highest ceiling. What water supply must be available to supply 35 psi for a sprinkler at the highest ceiling? Pressure A= Pressure B+ Pressure C , Force ‘B’ must correspondingly increase to maintain the equilibrium balance of forces which in turn translates to an outlet pressure rise. Therefore a maximum water supply pressure of 100 psi is required. 5. Actions taken by the fire service when fighting flammable liquid storage tank fires with fixed water spray protection installed and without fixed water spray protection installed. The fire brigade commander professionally and quickly determines the kind of flammable liquid that is burning, its immediate properties such as density as compared to that of water. In cases where the water is denser, it is mostly avoided because it can potentially worsen the situation. The commander expertly and in no time determines the flash point of the burning fluid. If the liquid has the potential of burning when it mixes with air upon ignition, the commander may command the use of water to prevent reaching the flash point of that liquid. When the fire is detected in time, the spraying of water using the fixed apparatus will but not in large quantities will lower the temperature in the room and thus reduce the potential of the ambient room temperature to cause the ignition as this has been known to cause the ignition of most flammable liquids whose flash point is low. It is necessary to close the container from which the vapors are coming from as the ignited vapor can burn back to the liquid, thus resulting to a fatal explosion. In cases where there is no fixed water spray, the portable water sprayers can be used to spray water (but not to pour because the fluid will float on water and even burn more) to the atmosphere and even near the liquid containers to lower the temperature. It is important to assess the risk in both cases by referring to the flammability characteristics of the fluid in question. Again, both cases require a person to first wear personal protection gear such as eye protection equipment, gloves on hands to prevent burning in case you come in contact with the flammable liquid, and also additional protective clothing for the whole body. Safety shield is useful in cases where a potential explosion is most likely or an exothermic reaction is most likely. Generally, the actions done here include the transfer of the flammable liquid to a working fume board if possible. Any potential source of ignition should be completely eliminated (Fitzgerald, 2004, pp. 422-424). Then locate all the safety equipment. Use appropriate mode of alerting the nearby people. The use of water as a fire extinguisher in case the fire has been ignited should not be attempted but instead, the use of dry chemical extinguishers can be suitably used. Alternatively, the use of liquefied carbon dioxide can be effective on these flammable liquid fires. Ask for assistance from the nearby fire facility by calling the emergency numbers. 6. Fire alarm systems in a factory Fire alarms noted in the factory were of various kinds. First, the M-Fire Alarm system which had manual call points. They were placed mostly near escape routes and they largely lacked an automatic way of detecting fire. It mainly relied on a person raising alarm. In case of fire disaster L-Fire alarm system which was designed to preserve life. It could enable non affected people in a factory on fire to safely escape unhurt. It had automatic sensors of a possible fire disaster, beacons and sirens. The third kind is P fire alarm system which is designed such that it can simultaneously protect life of building occupants; protect the property inside and most importantly the building itself by having the ability to automatically dial out the emergency number of the fire brigade. The available fire alarm systems identified could also be classified either as single stage system or double stage system. The single stage system when activated could transmit a signal in the whole building such that all the occupants in the building become aware of the fire danger the soonest possible. The two stage system could first release a characteristic alert signal to all occupying staff. If the staffs confirm the existence of the fire, they activate the alarm signal. In case the component alert is false, the alarm can be silenced and the system reset. According to the fire protection engineer, the M fire alarm system was used because it could serve the whole chain of factory buildings. L fire alarm system was to ensure timely evacuation and that there was no loss of life as a result of inconveniences. The system requires use of fire resistant materials in the factory to avoid fast spread of fire in the factory which is common in most factories. On the other approach to identifying the alarm system in the factory, the two stage system was installed based on the fact that most industrial workers especially those in the offices may panic very easily if they abruptly learn about a fire in the building they are in. This system was seen a necessary measure to reduce the possible effects of false alarms. Finally, the installation of single stage alarm systems in the factory sites where most machines are in operation was based on the idea that the fuel for running the machines could easily catch fire and lead to a very rapid spread and therefore this form of alarm would avoid any form of delay (Gill, 1997, p. 97). The performance objectives of the company in using these systems is to attain fastest response to fire break in industry while keeping the panic associated with raising fire alarms as minimum as possible to the senior management and other support staff in the factory offices. 7. How the first Montreal Protocol agreement has been modified since 1987. The Montreal protocol meant to address the issues related to the production of substances that result to depletion of the critical ozone layer has been modified several times. Since its signing in 1987 by only 25 nations, the membership tally has rose up to one hundred and sixty eight nations as of now. Much of these changes are as a result of more awareness of the effects of the various halogen substances and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer. This has been obtained through intensive scientific research. The major changes in this original protocol were noted in the year 1990 in London, 1992 in Copenhagen, 1995 in Vienna and the most recent was done in 1997 in the city of Montreal. The amendments were made to speed up the withdrawal and abstinence from the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. First, the production and the use of halogen matter have a phase-out completely on the first day of January, 1994. Exactly two years later, the production and use of other ozone depleting substances was phased out. These substances include CFCs, tetra chlorides of carbon, methyl chloroform and others like complex compounds of hydrogen, bromine, fluorine and carbon (hydrobromofluorocarbons). It is important to note that some companies in certain nations were exempted from the above discussed bans while compounds of H, Cl, F and carbon are to be phased by the year 2020. As more knowledge continue to be obtained from scientific research, the current ozone depleting potentials of various substances shall continue to reviewed from time to time and the best standards shall be used. The Montreal Protocol has resulted to a decline of chlorinated hydrocarbons while the controlled use of hydrocarbons has resulted to leveled trend in emission levels. They have been predicted to begin declining by 2020 (Newton, 1995, p. 1). 8. Aqueous and non-aqueous agents are employed by the Californian fire service, Aqueous agents used First, the most commonly used aqueous substance in fire fighting is water itself. It can either be pure or salty but mostly pure water is rarely used. Ice has been sparingly used but it is effective in keeping room temperature low below the flash point of most flammable liquids. However, an array of hydrated chemicals has been developed for use in the fire fighting exercise. Most of the agents that are used in this chemical formulations include chlorinated metaxylenol, some forms of Urea, heteropolysaccharide-7 substance, aqueous solution of equal amount of sodium decylsulfate and sodium octylsulfate (both used in equal amounts in terms of their molar masses, other compounds like monobutyl ether made of diethylene glycol as well as the hydrated form of isopropyl mixture. Other chemicals used may vary narrowly from this typical composition to contain fewer compounds than these or include a few more compounds such as ammonia and magnesium sulfate. Non aqueous agents used The most commonly used non water agents in fighting fire in this fire service was Liquefied carbon dioxide which is packed in sturdy metallic cylinders and let out through some nozzles at the top of the cylinders. It is popularly known for its effectiveness in fighting and suppressing fires on flammable liquid tanks and containers. It acts by cutting off the oxygen supply from the atmosphere by forming a blanket like layer over the fire. In additions, these kinds of fires can also be handled by the use of dry chemical extinguishers. Fire beaters are commonly used in the grassland wildfires in California and they are used by trained fire beating crew who must wear appropriate garments and gears that are not only resistant to the fire itself but also protective from the painful burning characteristic of open-fire fighting. The criteria for determining the kind of agent to be used is based on the kind of fire (in the open or in a building), the kind of material burning (flammable liquid or wood or plastic or any other) and also on the resources available. Curbed fires can be suppressed by adequate water spray while fire from a fuel tank can be suppressed by used of liquid carbon dioxide. The agent selected should be the most appropriate under the prevailing conditions (Schwartz Perry, 2007, p. 334). 9. Gift from a client or other person with whom one has a professional relationship, which must be reported to an employer, those if accepted could create a conflict of interest and state the justification. a. A pen with promotional advertising on it. It should be reported because if kept as a secret, other parties with similar interest as this client may see this as a campaign for this particular client’s company. b. A promotional videotape- it should be reported but it has no potential for causing conflict of interest. Reporting will allow for analyzing of the message in the tape and whether it is acceptable or not. c. A book of engineering data – this should be reported because the information contained in this book has not been established to be in conformity with the applicable standards for engineering. If not reported, it can cause a conflict of interest because if an engineer beliefs in the data, he is likely to have conflicts with others who use the preset standards. d. An engraved briefcase – it should also be reported because the material used to make it may be unsafe. Since briefcases are carried at work, the engraved briefcase may act as a source of irradiations which can potentially form a source of ignition for liquids with low splash points. e. A car – This should be reported because if not reported, it may be perceived as a reward for favor done before which is not acceptable according to the engineering code of ethics. This client may also be malicious and implant explosive materials in the car, and set it to explode when parked near the factory. Reporting will give room for inspection to avoid such terrorism minded clients or persons. f. A calendar- This should not be reported and cannot be a source of conflict if reported because it does not feature any where within the codes of ethics. However, if it contains advertisements of a company with which you have business relations, it should be reported because it has the potential of influencing the decisions of the engineer and may be seen as unfair by other companies with which you have similar business ties. g. A sterling silver pen with your name engraved on it- it should not be accepted if the person is involved in fraudulent enterprise as stipulated in the Rules of Practice number 1d. The engraved material may be radioactive and thus form a hazard especially when working in factories with highly flammable liquid tanks. h. An encyclopedia. This should be accepted and never reported because it has general information and the information contained is usually standardized and can be believed to be true. In case it is not reliable, the publisher can be held responsible (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). 10. About an article related to unethical conduct The article is about a company that was involved in corrupt tendering process. The way it obtained road construction tenders was questionable by its competitors. This unethical engineering conduct has led to several impacts. First, there has been pressure from the other registered road constructors to de-register this constructor and soon, this individual company may be out of business. The engineers directly involved in the scandal may as well be deregistered. Since this has been highlighted by the press, the whole society may lose the trust they had on the engineering society unless a stern action is taken. This is against the professionalism of engineering and it is ‘staining’ the profession. This act is against the code of conduct for engineers since they are required to execute their duties honestly. The law also requires them to conduct themselves honorably and ethically and always act within the law. This is meant to retain the reputation and most importantly the usefulness of the profession. The ethical actions that should be taken against the perpetrators of this act include appearing for questioning to prove the misconduct, and if found guilty, the perpetrators should be sentenced as per the law (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). The engineers involved should also be de-registered from the society for engineers for ‘staining’ the society and violating the rules they know very well. References Ammons, D. (2001). Assessing Municipal Performance. US: Sage. Fitzgerald, W. (2004). Building Fire Performance Analysis. New York: J. Wiley and Sons. Gagnon, R. M. (1998). Special Hazard Design. New York: Thomson Delmar. Gill, P. (1997). Factory Management and Maintenance. Michigan: McGraw Hill. National humanity of skilled engineers (NSPE). (2003). Code of Ethics for Engineers. Alexandria: NSPE. Newton, D. C. (1995). ‘The Ozone Dilemma’, The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia: Columbia University press.

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Leader and Significant Christian :: essays research papers

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Leader and Significant Christian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15th, 1929, to Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Martin Luther King, Sr. was a prominent member of the black community in Atlanta. He was a Baptist Minister and he served as pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church. Martin Luther King, Sr. stressed the importance of education to King, Jr. King, Jr. attended local, segregated public school and he stood out in his class with his dedication to learn. With this dedication, King went on to succeed at Morehouse College at the age of 15. He graduated from Morehouse in 1948 and continued his pursuit of knowledge at Croezer Theological Seminary. King graduated with honors only to further his education by getting a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During King’s education, he learned the importance of public speaking. King was ordained a Baptist minister at the age of 18 and it was a necessity for King to be able to express himself eloquently and to be able to persuade his audience. It was this ability to move large audiences that caught the eye of Edgar D. Nixon, a local leader of the NAACP. Rosa Parks had just been arrested for her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to white person. Nixon decided to seize this opportunity and stage a boycott of public transportation. King was named the president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and was instrumental in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott. The boycott drew national attention and King was a central figure. The M.I.A. filed a suit that was brought before Federal Court in order to rectify segregation. The Federal Court ruled in the favor of the M.I.A. Segregation of buses was no longer legal and in this process King united many southern blac ks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King had earned enough national recognition that he could go on to stage many more events to protest racial discrimination. King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and it was within this organization that King made a major impact on modern America. King organized many more marches and peaceful demonstrations in order to end the injustice of racism. He endured many violent attacks by police officers and members of the Ku Klux Klan. He always remained faithful to the teachings of Mohandas Gandhi and practiced them through peaceful protests. King made great strides towards equality in this practice and died in doing so.

Postmodernity and Hyper-Reality in Architecture

IntroductionThis essay will turn to architecture’s place in a consumer society. Consumer society can be described as the result of modernism where devouring stuff goods is the overriding characteristic of its balance and values. It is the consequence of the escalation in fabrication and rapid industrial developments. It is besides the result of the huge gait of variegation and growing of civilization, creativeness, engineering and urbanism as a manner of life. I will utilize the constructs of semiotic philosopher Jean Baudrillard’s as a footing in understanding the deductions of this civilization on the built environment, urban design and engineering. I will besides analyze the desire for phantasy kingdoms that mirror world by analyzing Baudrillard’s three orders of simulacra and the â€Å"hyperreal† . To understand the look of this phenomenon in our consumerist civilization I have chosen to analyze its manifestation in the urban context of Montecasiono an d besides practical environment of Second Life. My purpose is to better understand the architects’ place in this current civilization and what it could intend for the hereafter of architecture.Postmodernity and Hyper-realityThe postmodern status does non merely replace modernness but it instead opens up a new and complex bed of significance of the modern by stressing its self-contradictory facets. Modernity has become profoundly rooted in modern-day societies and therefore it is about impossible to happen a status where it has had no influence. Post-modernity by default can non be separated from modernness as emancipation and release are built-in to the modern. In the post-modern epoch the electronic image is the prevailing force specifying its nonliteral character. It is saturated with images in the grade which was non observed in history. ( Asanowicz, 2014 ) To understand some of the complexnesss of our image goaded civilization I will foremost be researching the Hagiograph as of Jean Baudrillard. Harmonizing to â€Å"Simulacra and Simulation† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) in our post-modern society, â€Å"It is no longer a inquiry of imitation, nor duplicate, nor even lampoon. It is a inquiry of replacing the marks of the existent for the real† . Baudrillard suggests that postmodern civilization is non simply unreal, because the impression of artificiality still involves some sense of world against which to place it. What he conveys is that we can non acknowledge the differentiation between ruse and nature. Baudrillard so argues that there are three â€Å" orders of simulacra † . Simulacra ( Simulacres in Gallic agencies: stereotype, a pseudo-thing, an empty signifier, a clean signifier ) is one of the cardinal constructs of postmodern aesthetics. ( Asanowicz, 2014 ) . The first order of simulacra is related to the pre-modern period where the image is a clear imitation of the existent. Baudrillard associates the 2nd order of simulacra with the industrial revoluti on of the 19th century where mass production and the addition of transcripts break down the differences between the representation and the image. The 3rd order of simulacra is specifically associated with the postmodern age. It suggests that the representation precedes and determines the existent. The differentiation between world and its representation is has disappeared and there is merely the simulacrum. Baudrillard defined this deformation of the lines between the original and its transcript as the ‘hyperreal’ ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) . Not merely does the simulacrum imitate the original but the simulacrum of truth is truer than true and therefore the hyperreal is realer than existent. ( Horrocks & A ; Jevtic, 1999 ) This sort of fake image is all around us, nature militias are constructed to mask the absence the natural environment in urban countries. Reallity Television plans are edited to romanticise the mundane. Baudrillard uses the illustration of Disneyland, â€Å"Disneyland is presented as fanciful in order to do us believe that the remainder is existent, whereas all of Los Angeles and the America that surrounds it are no longer existent, but belong to the hyperreal order and to the order of simulation. It is no longer a inquiry of a false representation of world ( political orientation ) but of hiding the fact that the existent is no longer existent, and therefore of salvaging the world principle.† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) . To associate this theory to a South African context I will utilize the illustration of Montesasino. While the fake environment is obviously false, invitees at Montecasino buy into the â€Å"reality† of phantasy because society will continually absorb simula cra and its penchant for it over world. Offering a excess of services and amusement options in a Tuscan themed environment, Montecasino disorientates and mesmerises its invitees in a universe of phantasy where disbursement money enhances engagement in, and enjoyment of the retail and leisure experience. Baudrillard remarks on the bleary differentiations between civilization, consumerism and individuality: â€Å"Work, leisure, nature and civilization, all antecedently dispersed, separate, and all more or less irreducible activities that produced anxiousness and complexness in our existent life, and in our ‘anarchic and archaic’ metropoliss, have eventually become assorted, massaged, clime controlled and domesticated into the simple activity of ageless shopping. All these activities have eventually become desexed into a individual hermaphroditic atmosphere of style† ( Baudrillard, 2001 ) . Another illustration of hyperreality is that of Multiaˆ?User Virtual Environments. This has fascinated me since I engaged my first multi-player role-playing computing machine game and recognized the habit-forming qualities it stirred. Today these practical environments are much more sophisticated with practical universes like World of Warcraft and Second Life imitating non merely of our physical universe but besides of our societal, political and economic status. Second Life has an active socialist party, an opposing Marxist party and even an nihilist group. Prostitution, chancing and consumerism are cardinal to the simulation. Users of these environments create embodiments which they define as the most accurate contemplation of theirrealself. Aside from hyperreality, many of the constructs Baudrillard postulates in Simulacra and Simulation are present. It is a semiological perfect universe, where the users are deprived of the ability to travel, eat and drink. The embodiments hav e nil else to devour but â€Å"signs† of the existent. Embodiments can lease cocottes to hold sex which is devoid of human contact or experience accordingly devouring the â€Å"sign† of holding sex. The embodiments buy expensive practical apparels to show the differentiation against the embodiments have oning free apparels. No existent apparels have changed custodies, but people spend existent that they have really earned to devour â€Å"signs† of goods. From a modernist this would look irrational but Baudrillards states that, â€Å"Nothing resembles itself, and holographic reproduction, like all phantasies of the exact synthesis or Resurrection of the existent ( this besides goes for scientific experimentation ) , is already no longer existent, is already hyperreal† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) , therefore it could be argued that there is no difference in devouring something â€Å"real† or a â€Å"sign of the real† . The newest stage of consumer society is consequently concerned with the consequence of digital ingestion. This is intensified by globalization, new information engineerings and real-time communicating. In the following subdivision I will discourse the deductions of society’s preoccupation with ingestion and hyperreality on Architecture.Post-Modern Architecture in a consumer societyFrederic Jameson suggests that Postmodernism replicates or reproduces and reinforces the logic of consumer capitalist economy. Therefore when we study a consumer society we should concentrate on the seductive and tempting as this is inherit to the consumer life style. In architecture footings such as image, atmosphere and captivation of visual aspect are more of import than modern impressions of individuality, rationalism, naturalism and functionalism ( Jameson, 2002 ) . Few modern-day designers have consciously thought of their plants with consideration to our image goaded civilization. In â€Å"Visions’ Unfolding: Architecture in the Age of Electronical Media† , Peter Eisenman postulates that by utilizing computing machine plans which randomly fold surfaces and link the edifice and landscape into one uninterrupted whole, the architecture does non give up to any peculiar account, but continuously disrupts what is defined as architecture ( Eisenman, 1999 ) . This does turn to the thought of surface being the most of import facet of design but the job is that the plants is perchance non seductive plenty, instead the work is simply absorbing. On the other manus the work of Jean Nouvel is shrouded in the captivation of visual aspect. In Jean Nouvel in Conversation: Tomorrow Can Take Care of Itself, he says that â€Å"image is the affair of architecture and therefore the hereafter of architecture is non architectural in the tectonic senseâ€Å" . Nouvel emphasises that his architecture is non composed of infinite but of communicative surfaces, which he calls interfaces. He is non interested in inside informations but merely in images. Koolhaas and Tschumi are two other designers that have based their plants on a witting survey of atmosphere instead than maps or significances in architecture. Last one can non bury to advert Bernard Tshumi. After the perpendicular, modern, in La Villette we have the horizontal, minimum, conceptual and postmodern hyperrealism. The â€Å"cinematic† versions in the architecture enable â€Å"events† and are said to supply new freedom for the visitant when taking paths and point of views. Last the celebrated â€Å"congestion† in Koolhaas’ plants can be recognised as an atmospheric consequence created by â€Å"programming† . Koolhaas tries to make architecture congested with the multitudes in diverse actions. These actions have typically non been assigned a specific topographic point. Rational individuality must be abandoned when construing mass society.DecisionIn its most recent signifiers, architecture is already going transparent, Mobile, flexible and synergistic. It about tries to vanish in order to allow a conjectural mass creativeness show through. It replaces the immaterial with drifting regulations of the game, a screen of deconstruction which leaves the topics rather free to contrive their ain game regulations. Besides, architecture is non the lone thing to give manner to this synergistic Utopia of exchange and playful diversion: all art, political relations and practical engineering is traveling in this way. These inclinations manifest themselves in modern-day architecture in the new possibilities for pluralism, â€Å"open† architecture, the flexible interrelatedness between manufacturers and consumers, interactivity, and â€Å"the advanced consumers† . Moralism against consumer society and commercial architecture does non work because it is characteristic of consumer society itself that it spreads moralities refering how people should populate and which sort of edifices they should hold. These moralities refering consumers are disguised in the signifier of â€Å"choices† . Neither edifice without designers nor pragmatist architecture can do the place of designers better in society, because these phenomena are already included in the mythologies of consumer society. As concerns the relevancy of Baudrillard’s theory in architecture, it has become evident through my theoretical work that this makes impossible such traditional architectural constructs in general as creativeness, the fulfilling of demands and functionality. Architects can merely rush up or decelerate down interpersonal socio-economic procedures and in this manner increase societal reciprocality and coherence. Harmonizing to Baudrillard’s analysis of the present socio-economic forms in society, it has become about impossible to do genuinely seductive and mutual architecture. Baudrillard’s theory does non go forth really much for designers to tilt on, up to the inquiry of inquiring whether architecture can at all be designed under Baudrillard’s footings, nevertheless credible he is in indicating out the important problematics of civilization in consumer society. Beginning List HILDE HEYNEN, 2000, Architecture and Modernity: A Critique, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 8-24 JEAN BAUDRILLARD, 1994. The precession of simulacra, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1-42. JEAN BAUDRILLARD, 1982, Modernite , † in La modernite ou l’esprit du temps, Biennale de Paris, Section Architecture, Paris, L’Equerre, 27-28. PETER EISENMAN, 1994, Visions’ Unfolding: Architecture in the Age of Electronical Media, Michigan, A+U Publishers, 2-5. REM KOOLHAAS & A ; SANFORD KWINTER, 1996, Conversations with Students, New York, Princeton Architect ural Press, p 5-6. 1

Questionnaire Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2707 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Questionnaire Assignment Company of choice: Event Cinemas New Zealand Topic of the questionnaire: marketing performance Intention of the questionnaire: to find out the marketing performance of the product named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Gift Cardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (how often, the source and possible improvement), in order to better target and improve sales. What is your gender? Male Female Which age group do you belong to? Below 18 19 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 29 30 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 40 41 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 51 52 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 62 Above 62 How often do you go to cinemas to watch movies? Twice a week or more Once a week Once a month Once a quarter Once a year Never How do you usually purchase your ticket? Book online (Please go to Question 5) Buy at the counter (Please go to Question 6) Which website do you usually purchase your ticket from? www.eventcinemas.co.nz www.hoyts.co.nz Others (please specify _______________) Which payment method do you use more often? Cash or EFTOPS or credit card (Please go to Question 7) Gift Card/Movie Money/Other Vouchers (Please go to Question 8) Would you like to use Gift Cards instead? Yes (Please go to Question 9) No (Please go to Question 10) How do you obtain the Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Buy it myself (If tick, where? __________________ ) Gift from friends or families or others (If tick, which period, e.g. birthday day, Christmas, etc, please specify __________________ ) What would encourage you to use a Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Discount Card Looking Design Others (please specify _________________________ ) What would change your mind to use Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Discount Card Looking Design Others (please specify _________________________ ) LO1 Q A regarding My Own Questionnaire Q1: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questionnaire Assignment" essay for you Create order To specify measurement method, four scales are commonly used, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio respectively. In my questionnaire presented above, the nominal scale can clearly be identified in the very first question à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is your gender?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  intended to categorize the interviewee. Though not as clear as its counterpart, the ordinal scale, I believe, can still be revealed in Q3, which focus on the frequency of the interviewee going to the cinema to watch movies, as it has identity and magnitude and can be sorted out in order, despite the slightly complicated appearance. The interval scale is used in Q2 regarding the age of the interviewee, where the interval is chosen as 10 years and the dimensions are deliberately more than usual in order to accurately capture the target market. Unfortunately, according to my understanding and observation, the ratio scale is not used the questionnaire below. As for the scaling method, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  appears as male or female in Q1, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“magnitudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  used in Q3 shows growing trend of frequency in terms of going to the cinemas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal intervalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is specified as 10 years in Q2 to categorize and distinguish interviewees, while also in Q3 the dimension of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Neverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was used to set up the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“minimum value of zeroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Q3: Four primary scales of measurement are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“magnitudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal intervalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a minimum value of zeroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Identity means that each number has a particular meaning. For example, in the common practice of rating a film on film-critic websites like IMDB, 5 or 5 stars means the film is brilliant or the reviewer is absolutely amazed by this particular film. 4 or 4 stars means the film is good, not great, yet still worth watching. 3 or 3 stars might label a film as mediocre while 2 or 2 stars show a film is very unflattering. Unfortunately 1 or 1 star could make a film as a disaster. Magnitude means that numbers have an inherent order from smaller to larger. Enjoying the convenience of the example listed under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , from 5/5 stars to 1/1stars, each choice of number is not only given a specific meaning or gravity of how a film is reviewed, but also can be sorted out in order from 5 the best to 1 the worst. Equal intervals means that the differences between numbers (units) anywhere on the scale is the same. The example of this scale can be easily seen as age-related questions where each given dimension enjoys the same interval, no matter how small or big the number itself it. A minimum of zero means that the zero point represents the absence of the property being measured, which I consider as a bottom line where nothing exist beyond. For example, the question of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“how oftenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which concerns the frequency of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior, can have a dimension of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“neverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to set as the absolute zero. Q4: Comparative scaling means the items are directly compared to each other, while in the case of non-comparative scaling, each item is scaled independently of the others. In comparative scaling, the scale of paired comparison is commonly used. For example in my own questionnaire, Q5 has an attempt of doing a direct comparison between two websites of two major film exhibitors, Event Cinemas and Hoyts Cinemas, even though a mild third party as in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  were listed as well just for collecting more information. Dollar Metric Comparison is also another useful scale for comparative scaling. To follow up my own questionnaire designed to find out the market performance of Gift Card, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to add a question asking the interviewee how much they are willing to pay to get lager Gift Card Credits. Or in other examples, dollar metric can be seen in consulting the proper price for Burger Kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s combo. In non-comparative scales, semantic scales are usual practice, which allows the interviewee to use extensive words rather than numbers to describe their feelings about a certain product or brand on scales with semantic labels. I think the example of this kind is obviously seen in questions starting with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How do you feel after usingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , such as shampoo or conditioner where interviewee can specifically describe the change of their hair. While the other common scale of measurement is called liken scales, where a set of degrees are given to the scale or label. For example, the question/statement could be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The costumer service in Event Cinema is goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and the dimensions are choices for the interviewee to agree or disagree to the statement with even extra emotion added. Q5: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis can be understood as group analysis, meaning the objects be analyzed tend to have similarities with each other yet however these similarities are not shared with other groups. These similarities are commonly seen as age, gender, income, country, religion and so on. In my field of research on Event Cinemas, clusters are quite common and easily seen. In my last questionnaire designed to see the marketing performance of the product named Gift Card, my very first two questions were specifically designed and intentionally put in the very beginning of the questionnaire to channel the respondents to their clusters. The first question, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is your gender?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was meant to categorize the respondents into different gender in order to see thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s any difference on customer behavior between the two à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more leaning towards using Gift Card, male or female? The second question, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Which age group do you belong to?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meant to further comb the respondents and the age scale were used to dive deeper in the purpose of seeing which age cluster is the most user/consumer of Gift Card à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" teenagers below 18, or young adult before their 3 0s, or the middle agers, or even the seniors? The three characteristics of a good quality clustering analysis are as follows: A clear object In order to conduct a good quality clustering, the object of this analysis shall be clearly identified and carried throughout the researching. Or if put in simple words, it means, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You should always know what you want and what you are doing.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Thus in the practice of conducting the questionnaire, the interviewer can be able to clearly identify what kind of respondents are needed to better contribute to the research. Otherwise, things tend to run out of the track. Similarities and differences Similarities are the glue that attaches each to be a member of the cluster. Thus similarities are expected and easily discovered among the group, which help and contribute to the research. However, differences can also exist within the same group, though easily neglected, which may be worth looking into as well. Good implementation Words stay as words if not well spoken, so do analysis and research. No matter how many clusters you fancily gather, if the result of the research doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t deliver well in terms of the whole research, the clustering itself is nothing but a window decoration. In another perspective, in order to put clustering in better use, the proper methods shall be used, for example, the clusters shall be carefully divided, meaning each of the clusters need to be clearly cut and defined, to avoid any possible mix up which definitely contributes to wrong data analysis. LO2 Q6: Quantitative and qualities methods and examples Quantitative methods, as it literally shows, means numbers, which makes the research measurable. Its advantage and disadvantage are as follows: Advantage: given its numerous nature, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s easier to compile the data and make further analysis, which in a way makes the result more objective. Disadvantage: despite its convenience of using the numbers, the method itself is usually used for larger scale of research, which can be not only unnecessary but also very costly. Qualitative methods, on the other hand, are more of descriptions or words that respondents use to express feelings they have regarding the questions. In this sense, its advantage and disadvantage are surely different yet as specified below: Advantage: since ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a purely description, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very easy to understand and help a great deal specially in specifying feelings interviewees have towards a certain product. And ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also good to collect more and lively details. Disadvantage: exactly because of its form of description, no statistic data can be applied to this method, which in return makes the method itself very limited in using. Q7 Depth Interviews Definition: Approved by the client, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a secure and confidential conversation between an interview and a respondent. Guided by a thoroughly composed interview, the interviewer conducts the conversation encompassing the topics that are crucial to the purpose and the issue of the survey. Advantage: This particular method excels in reaching a large sample, which greatly contributes to abundant data collection. Disadvantage: Exactly due to the advantage mentioned below, the method can be very time consuming, as unlike conventional telephone or online questionnaire, the respondents are approached and invested in with more times. Example: Unfortunately this method was not used in my last questionnaire regarding the marketing performance of Gift Card. However, after learning it in the class, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to add it to polish my questionnaire in terms of getting more specified and individualized feedback from the customers. Since the mission of my questionnaire is to see the performance of Gift Card in the market (e.g. is it widely enjoyed or not? What can be done to improve it?), the method of depth interview can be used in digging out customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ suggestions on how to better use the card. Therefore, it shall include a set of well-structured questions targeting at specifics of their after-use feelings and suggestions. Focus Groups Definition: The method of focus groups usually refers to a group of 10 or fewer people, who are asked of a series of questions or to given their opinions on new products. The data gathered from focus groups are viewed ad studied to measure the reaction of the larger market population. Advantage: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an easy method to measure customer reaction, as usually the nature of the method can provide immediate ideas for reaction or improvement towards certain products or even impression of companies or competitors. Disadvantage:Compared to individual interviews, focus groups tend to lose touch with each member of the group whose specific opinion may provide more insight. Exactly because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not in depth, thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a possibility that the member may not express their honest and personal opinions about the topic at hand. Example: In my questionnaire, a dimension/thought was lay out to target at people of different ages, in the purpose of seeing clearly which age group Gift Card plays better in. So when conducted, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to choose five respondents for each age group (six groups in total), the cluster of whom should be able to represent their age and give me a better idea. Projective Techniques Definition: Projective Techniques are indirect and unstructured methods of investigation which have been developed by the psychologists and use projection of respondents for inferring about underline motives, urges or intentions which cannot be secure through direct questioning as the respondent either resists to reveal them or is unable to figure out himself. Advantage: Being useful in giving respondents opportunities to express their attitudes without personal embarrassment, this method helps the respondents to project his attitude and feelings unconsciously on the subject under study. Disadvantage:This method has a big demand on highly trainedinterviewers and skilled interpreters, which are rarely seen or hard to find in daily common practice, which certainly brings obstacles to carry out the research. Example: Well portrayed in a once-popular US TV series named Lie to Me, this amazing method, carried out by highly skilled interpreters who are usually excellent psychological professionals, plays a wonderfully crucial role in correctly projecting potential criminal behaviors. Random Probability Sampling Definition: It is a random sample from whole population that each individual in the population of interest has an equal likelihood of selection. Advantage: One of the main advantages of probability sampling is that it offers a feeling of fairness among the people who are or are not chosen. Disadvantage:If applied with a large scale, it could potentially be very time consuming. Example: As an easy and convenient method, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s widely and commonly seen in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lucky drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  sort of activities or even sales promotions. Q8 Face-to-Face Interviewing Definition: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a conversational method that requires a face-to-face approach or way of communication between the interviewer and interviewee. Advantage: With the fun of meeting the respondent in person, this method enables the interviewer establish rapport with potential participants and therefore gain their cooperation. Disadvantage: If applied in large scare, this method can be very time consuming and expensive. Example: As for my own research with the help of my questionnaire, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to gather more information by conducting more questionnaires in this method, which enables me to see more details, especially the spontaneous reactions from potential customers. Telephone Interviewing Definition:It means interviews conducted by the mean of telephone communication. Advantage: Thanks to the convenience of making a phone call, the method can save the researcher much time. Disadvantage: The response rate may be less than the rate of face-to-face interviewing as various possibilities may stand in the way, such as the wide dislike towards telemarketers may stop someone from even answering the call. Example: I remember back in China, whenever I purchased something from an optical shop with which I had a membership card, a call always came asking if I was happy about the service. Postal and Self-Completion Market Research Definition: This method refers to the questionnaires sent via post, which rely on the respondents themselves to finish and submit. Advantage: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s easy to be applied for large scale researching and has very low cost. Disadvantage: Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no guarantee that enough surveys will be filled in to form an accurate view of the research group. Example: I think ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commonly seen as a single leaf of page inside a magazine, which asked for the readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback on this particular issue, purchased. Omnibus Market Research Surveys Definition: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a method where data on a wide variety of subjects is collected during the same interview. Advantage:Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a good way to save the cost because the sampling and screening costs are shared across multiple clients. Disadvantage: Since ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conducted by sharing time and efforts with other topics, the particular topic of this research might be less emphasized or in some cases even neglected, which would certainly affect the result. Example:In my personal experience of being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“researchedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on, when it comes to female consumer behavior, a few products would like to line up together to ask the questions, such as makeup and perfume. Chanray Chen DB681