Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay Example for Free

Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay 1. Specifications for a dry pipe sprinkler system in a cold storage warehouse The fire protection system to be supplied based on these specifications is dry pipe sprinkler Related works include electrical installations, walls penetrations sealing as well as the relevant drawings and calculations. To assure quality, all materials designs and works shall be supervised by qualified person (NICET level III certificate). Calculations are to be based on NFPA 13 and no detail shall be left or assumed. Sprinklers shall be availed in elevators and stairwells. The sprinkler performance shall be tested after installation. The new system of sprinkling design should meet all pre-set codes and standards for effective performance. The system components and devices shall be recommended by under writer Lab in ULFPE directory. Minimum experience of the contractor is 5 years. Layout must be supervised by experienced person and quality assurance done by a different qualified person. Submittals shall be done in one package, reviewed and then signed as required. The system drawings with all relevant required information by NFPA shall be provided. Calculations for the system’s remote areas with regard to one critical light hazard and ordinary hazard areas shall be done as requires by NFPA. Relevant compliance certificates shall be submitted. They include certificate of quality assurance, experience, test certificate for contractor and the various respective NICET III certificates. Again, all design and installation documents shall be required as issued by NFPA as well as the contract drawings. The dry pipe system sprinkler shall be piped in accordance with NFIA 13. All valves (control, drain, alarm and check valves) should meet the fine specifications as listed in UL. The sprinkler installed shall UL listed, its location strategic and its temperature appropriate for the room in is installed. Listing of each sprinkler shall be based on the classification of the room in which it is installed. The rooms are classified based on their occupancy. The dry systems switch and all tamper switches have to be linked to the fire alarm control panel as required by NFPA code 71 and 72 (Zalosh, 2003, pp. 166-168). 2. The reasons why a builder or architect might give a sprinkler contractor an incomplete set of contract drawings. There are a number of reasons that have been placed to explain why an architect may end up giving a contractor for sprinklers incomplete contract drawings. First, the builder or the architect may lack the competence in the engineering field. He may not the capacity to make workable designs for fire fighting equipment and for sprinklers in particular. Again, the architect may not have the relevant experience with respect to designing various systems for buildings that are of varying sizes and that may have varying needs for fire fighting systems. Through experience, a builder is capable of easily spotting an incomplete drawing. This is because most experienced architects have customized their expertise by developing check lists for the various requirements that make a contact drawing complete. In case they are in hurry, these check lists can fruitfully assist them in ensuring all important components in a contract drawn for a sprinkler contractor is complete. It is true to say that most architects specialize in designing houses and most leave minimum provisions for structures that are installed long after the house is competed. This is because most architects do not have an idea for what purpose the house they are designing shall be used. The fire fighting systems are installed as the need arise depending on the use for which the house shall be used. Sometimes, although rarely, some architects once they spot errors they had made in their designs, they may distort the designs to cover up their errors and this way, they evade possible blame for such errors (Gagnon, 1998, p. 107). This blame is avoided because it can cause serious impacts on the company contracted to design, given that they are in business and they need to keep their reputation. However, this action is against the requirements of the Code of Conduct for engineers. 3. The response time for the Californian fire department According to the Californian fire control and suppression department, the response time for this department vary considerably. This was evident from the various reports obtained from the department. The response time as discussed here denotes the period from the time when the department is informed about a fire incident through the preparation for take off until the time they reach the fire site. The major explanation given for this difference in response time was due to the various circumstances surrounding each fire break case. This could range from issues like distance, accessibility, appropriateness of the equipment available and the preparedness of the fire fighting crew in the given station. Response time Based on the principles of effective fire control, suppression and management, there is no specified time which can be termed as the ideal response time. The ideal response time is the best time possible within which a crew will get to the burning site and start acting upon the fire, in the given circumstances. For this ideal response time to be gotten there is need of strong spirit of team work from all parties concerned, starting with the commanders at the station to the fire fighters in action (Ammons, 2001, p. 157). Communication has to be most effective and the message about the incidence must be clearly and coherently communicated and information about what, where and when should be precisely given for response time to be as short as possible. Accessibility will be determined by the location of the burning property. Air crafts may be used where the fire is deep in the forests and land vehicles may be used where the site is accessible by road. Response time is usually prolonged in cases where fire is in a slum or where the estate planning was too poor as to allow accessibility in times of emergency. Some times, the planning could have provided for this but poor management of the available structures such as bridges could be the barrier. Generally, an exponential function is the result of correlating the damage caused by fire with the time it takes before suppression efforts begin. This means the more time you take, the little you should expect to rescue. Therefore, it is essentially basic to respond within the first few minutes from the time you receive the signal and the approach should of course avoid panic. The fire should be fought professionally. Although the response time for this department appear to be timely, it is advisable for companies relying on this facility for fire management to install their sprinkler fire fighting systems to avoid any loss that can result to delayed response from the fire department. Although this may not fully content the fire, it can substantially suppress the fire before the crew from the department arrives, therefore preventing total losses. 4. Measure the height of your house from ground level to the highest ceiling. What water supply must be available to supply 35 psi for a sprinkler at the highest ceiling? Pressure A= Pressure B+ Pressure C , Force ‘B’ must correspondingly increase to maintain the equilibrium balance of forces which in turn translates to an outlet pressure rise. Therefore a maximum water supply pressure of 100 psi is required. 5. Actions taken by the fire service when fighting flammable liquid storage tank fires with fixed water spray protection installed and without fixed water spray protection installed. The fire brigade commander professionally and quickly determines the kind of flammable liquid that is burning, its immediate properties such as density as compared to that of water. In cases where the water is denser, it is mostly avoided because it can potentially worsen the situation. The commander expertly and in no time determines the flash point of the burning fluid. If the liquid has the potential of burning when it mixes with air upon ignition, the commander may command the use of water to prevent reaching the flash point of that liquid. When the fire is detected in time, the spraying of water using the fixed apparatus will but not in large quantities will lower the temperature in the room and thus reduce the potential of the ambient room temperature to cause the ignition as this has been known to cause the ignition of most flammable liquids whose flash point is low. It is necessary to close the container from which the vapors are coming from as the ignited vapor can burn back to the liquid, thus resulting to a fatal explosion. In cases where there is no fixed water spray, the portable water sprayers can be used to spray water (but not to pour because the fluid will float on water and even burn more) to the atmosphere and even near the liquid containers to lower the temperature. It is important to assess the risk in both cases by referring to the flammability characteristics of the fluid in question. Again, both cases require a person to first wear personal protection gear such as eye protection equipment, gloves on hands to prevent burning in case you come in contact with the flammable liquid, and also additional protective clothing for the whole body. Safety shield is useful in cases where a potential explosion is most likely or an exothermic reaction is most likely. Generally, the actions done here include the transfer of the flammable liquid to a working fume board if possible. Any potential source of ignition should be completely eliminated (Fitzgerald, 2004, pp. 422-424). Then locate all the safety equipment. Use appropriate mode of alerting the nearby people. The use of water as a fire extinguisher in case the fire has been ignited should not be attempted but instead, the use of dry chemical extinguishers can be suitably used. Alternatively, the use of liquefied carbon dioxide can be effective on these flammable liquid fires. Ask for assistance from the nearby fire facility by calling the emergency numbers. 6. Fire alarm systems in a factory Fire alarms noted in the factory were of various kinds. First, the M-Fire Alarm system which had manual call points. They were placed mostly near escape routes and they largely lacked an automatic way of detecting fire. It mainly relied on a person raising alarm. In case of fire disaster L-Fire alarm system which was designed to preserve life. It could enable non affected people in a factory on fire to safely escape unhurt. It had automatic sensors of a possible fire disaster, beacons and sirens. The third kind is P fire alarm system which is designed such that it can simultaneously protect life of building occupants; protect the property inside and most importantly the building itself by having the ability to automatically dial out the emergency number of the fire brigade. The available fire alarm systems identified could also be classified either as single stage system or double stage system. The single stage system when activated could transmit a signal in the whole building such that all the occupants in the building become aware of the fire danger the soonest possible. The two stage system could first release a characteristic alert signal to all occupying staff. If the staffs confirm the existence of the fire, they activate the alarm signal. In case the component alert is false, the alarm can be silenced and the system reset. According to the fire protection engineer, the M fire alarm system was used because it could serve the whole chain of factory buildings. L fire alarm system was to ensure timely evacuation and that there was no loss of life as a result of inconveniences. The system requires use of fire resistant materials in the factory to avoid fast spread of fire in the factory which is common in most factories. On the other approach to identifying the alarm system in the factory, the two stage system was installed based on the fact that most industrial workers especially those in the offices may panic very easily if they abruptly learn about a fire in the building they are in. This system was seen a necessary measure to reduce the possible effects of false alarms. Finally, the installation of single stage alarm systems in the factory sites where most machines are in operation was based on the idea that the fuel for running the machines could easily catch fire and lead to a very rapid spread and therefore this form of alarm would avoid any form of delay (Gill, 1997, p. 97). The performance objectives of the company in using these systems is to attain fastest response to fire break in industry while keeping the panic associated with raising fire alarms as minimum as possible to the senior management and other support staff in the factory offices. 7. How the first Montreal Protocol agreement has been modified since 1987. The Montreal protocol meant to address the issues related to the production of substances that result to depletion of the critical ozone layer has been modified several times. Since its signing in 1987 by only 25 nations, the membership tally has rose up to one hundred and sixty eight nations as of now. Much of these changes are as a result of more awareness of the effects of the various halogen substances and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer. This has been obtained through intensive scientific research. The major changes in this original protocol were noted in the year 1990 in London, 1992 in Copenhagen, 1995 in Vienna and the most recent was done in 1997 in the city of Montreal. The amendments were made to speed up the withdrawal and abstinence from the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. First, the production and the use of halogen matter have a phase-out completely on the first day of January, 1994. Exactly two years later, the production and use of other ozone depleting substances was phased out. These substances include CFCs, tetra chlorides of carbon, methyl chloroform and others like complex compounds of hydrogen, bromine, fluorine and carbon (hydrobromofluorocarbons). It is important to note that some companies in certain nations were exempted from the above discussed bans while compounds of H, Cl, F and carbon are to be phased by the year 2020. As more knowledge continue to be obtained from scientific research, the current ozone depleting potentials of various substances shall continue to reviewed from time to time and the best standards shall be used. The Montreal Protocol has resulted to a decline of chlorinated hydrocarbons while the controlled use of hydrocarbons has resulted to leveled trend in emission levels. They have been predicted to begin declining by 2020 (Newton, 1995, p. 1). 8. Aqueous and non-aqueous agents are employed by the Californian fire service, Aqueous agents used First, the most commonly used aqueous substance in fire fighting is water itself. It can either be pure or salty but mostly pure water is rarely used. Ice has been sparingly used but it is effective in keeping room temperature low below the flash point of most flammable liquids. However, an array of hydrated chemicals has been developed for use in the fire fighting exercise. Most of the agents that are used in this chemical formulations include chlorinated metaxylenol, some forms of Urea, heteropolysaccharide-7 substance, aqueous solution of equal amount of sodium decylsulfate and sodium octylsulfate (both used in equal amounts in terms of their molar masses, other compounds like monobutyl ether made of diethylene glycol as well as the hydrated form of isopropyl mixture. Other chemicals used may vary narrowly from this typical composition to contain fewer compounds than these or include a few more compounds such as ammonia and magnesium sulfate. Non aqueous agents used The most commonly used non water agents in fighting fire in this fire service was Liquefied carbon dioxide which is packed in sturdy metallic cylinders and let out through some nozzles at the top of the cylinders. It is popularly known for its effectiveness in fighting and suppressing fires on flammable liquid tanks and containers. It acts by cutting off the oxygen supply from the atmosphere by forming a blanket like layer over the fire. In additions, these kinds of fires can also be handled by the use of dry chemical extinguishers. Fire beaters are commonly used in the grassland wildfires in California and they are used by trained fire beating crew who must wear appropriate garments and gears that are not only resistant to the fire itself but also protective from the painful burning characteristic of open-fire fighting. The criteria for determining the kind of agent to be used is based on the kind of fire (in the open or in a building), the kind of material burning (flammable liquid or wood or plastic or any other) and also on the resources available. Curbed fires can be suppressed by adequate water spray while fire from a fuel tank can be suppressed by used of liquid carbon dioxide. The agent selected should be the most appropriate under the prevailing conditions (Schwartz Perry, 2007, p. 334). 9. Gift from a client or other person with whom one has a professional relationship, which must be reported to an employer, those if accepted could create a conflict of interest and state the justification. a. A pen with promotional advertising on it. It should be reported because if kept as a secret, other parties with similar interest as this client may see this as a campaign for this particular client’s company. b. A promotional videotape- it should be reported but it has no potential for causing conflict of interest. Reporting will allow for analyzing of the message in the tape and whether it is acceptable or not. c. A book of engineering data – this should be reported because the information contained in this book has not been established to be in conformity with the applicable standards for engineering. If not reported, it can cause a conflict of interest because if an engineer beliefs in the data, he is likely to have conflicts with others who use the preset standards. d. An engraved briefcase – it should also be reported because the material used to make it may be unsafe. Since briefcases are carried at work, the engraved briefcase may act as a source of irradiations which can potentially form a source of ignition for liquids with low splash points. e. A car – This should be reported because if not reported, it may be perceived as a reward for favor done before which is not acceptable according to the engineering code of ethics. This client may also be malicious and implant explosive materials in the car, and set it to explode when parked near the factory. Reporting will give room for inspection to avoid such terrorism minded clients or persons. f. A calendar- This should not be reported and cannot be a source of conflict if reported because it does not feature any where within the codes of ethics. However, if it contains advertisements of a company with which you have business relations, it should be reported because it has the potential of influencing the decisions of the engineer and may be seen as unfair by other companies with which you have similar business ties. g. A sterling silver pen with your name engraved on it- it should not be accepted if the person is involved in fraudulent enterprise as stipulated in the Rules of Practice number 1d. The engraved material may be radioactive and thus form a hazard especially when working in factories with highly flammable liquid tanks. h. An encyclopedia. This should be accepted and never reported because it has general information and the information contained is usually standardized and can be believed to be true. In case it is not reliable, the publisher can be held responsible (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). 10. About an article related to unethical conduct The article is about a company that was involved in corrupt tendering process. The way it obtained road construction tenders was questionable by its competitors. This unethical engineering conduct has led to several impacts. First, there has been pressure from the other registered road constructors to de-register this constructor and soon, this individual company may be out of business. The engineers directly involved in the scandal may as well be deregistered. Since this has been highlighted by the press, the whole society may lose the trust they had on the engineering society unless a stern action is taken. This is against the professionalism of engineering and it is ‘staining’ the profession. This act is against the code of conduct for engineers since they are required to execute their duties honestly. The law also requires them to conduct themselves honorably and ethically and always act within the law. This is meant to retain the reputation and most importantly the usefulness of the profession. The ethical actions that should be taken against the perpetrators of this act include appearing for questioning to prove the misconduct, and if found guilty, the perpetrators should be sentenced as per the law (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). The engineers involved should also be de-registered from the society for engineers for ‘staining’ the society and violating the rules they know very well. References Ammons, D. (2001). Assessing Municipal Performance. US: Sage. Fitzgerald, W. (2004). Building Fire Performance Analysis. New York: J. Wiley and Sons. Gagnon, R. M. (1998). Special Hazard Design. New York: Thomson Delmar. Gill, P. (1997). Factory Management and Maintenance. Michigan: McGraw Hill. National humanity of skilled engineers (NSPE). (2003). Code of Ethics for Engineers. Alexandria: NSPE. Newton, D. C. (1995). ‘The Ozone Dilemma’, The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia: Columbia University press.

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Leader and Significant Christian :: essays research papers

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Leader and Significant Christian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15th, 1929, to Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Martin Luther King, Sr. was a prominent member of the black community in Atlanta. He was a Baptist Minister and he served as pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church. Martin Luther King, Sr. stressed the importance of education to King, Jr. King, Jr. attended local, segregated public school and he stood out in his class with his dedication to learn. With this dedication, King went on to succeed at Morehouse College at the age of 15. He graduated from Morehouse in 1948 and continued his pursuit of knowledge at Croezer Theological Seminary. King graduated with honors only to further his education by getting a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During King’s education, he learned the importance of public speaking. King was ordained a Baptist minister at the age of 18 and it was a necessity for King to be able to express himself eloquently and to be able to persuade his audience. It was this ability to move large audiences that caught the eye of Edgar D. Nixon, a local leader of the NAACP. Rosa Parks had just been arrested for her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to white person. Nixon decided to seize this opportunity and stage a boycott of public transportation. King was named the president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and was instrumental in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott. The boycott drew national attention and King was a central figure. The M.I.A. filed a suit that was brought before Federal Court in order to rectify segregation. The Federal Court ruled in the favor of the M.I.A. Segregation of buses was no longer legal and in this process King united many southern blac ks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King had earned enough national recognition that he could go on to stage many more events to protest racial discrimination. King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and it was within this organization that King made a major impact on modern America. King organized many more marches and peaceful demonstrations in order to end the injustice of racism. He endured many violent attacks by police officers and members of the Ku Klux Klan. He always remained faithful to the teachings of Mohandas Gandhi and practiced them through peaceful protests. King made great strides towards equality in this practice and died in doing so.

Postmodernity and Hyper-Reality in Architecture

IntroductionThis essay will turn to architecture’s place in a consumer society. Consumer society can be described as the result of modernism where devouring stuff goods is the overriding characteristic of its balance and values. It is the consequence of the escalation in fabrication and rapid industrial developments. It is besides the result of the huge gait of variegation and growing of civilization, creativeness, engineering and urbanism as a manner of life. I will utilize the constructs of semiotic philosopher Jean Baudrillard’s as a footing in understanding the deductions of this civilization on the built environment, urban design and engineering. I will besides analyze the desire for phantasy kingdoms that mirror world by analyzing Baudrillard’s three orders of simulacra and the â€Å"hyperreal† . To understand the look of this phenomenon in our consumerist civilization I have chosen to analyze its manifestation in the urban context of Montecasiono an d besides practical environment of Second Life. My purpose is to better understand the architects’ place in this current civilization and what it could intend for the hereafter of architecture.Postmodernity and Hyper-realityThe postmodern status does non merely replace modernness but it instead opens up a new and complex bed of significance of the modern by stressing its self-contradictory facets. Modernity has become profoundly rooted in modern-day societies and therefore it is about impossible to happen a status where it has had no influence. Post-modernity by default can non be separated from modernness as emancipation and release are built-in to the modern. In the post-modern epoch the electronic image is the prevailing force specifying its nonliteral character. It is saturated with images in the grade which was non observed in history. ( Asanowicz, 2014 ) To understand some of the complexnesss of our image goaded civilization I will foremost be researching the Hagiograph as of Jean Baudrillard. Harmonizing to â€Å"Simulacra and Simulation† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) in our post-modern society, â€Å"It is no longer a inquiry of imitation, nor duplicate, nor even lampoon. It is a inquiry of replacing the marks of the existent for the real† . Baudrillard suggests that postmodern civilization is non simply unreal, because the impression of artificiality still involves some sense of world against which to place it. What he conveys is that we can non acknowledge the differentiation between ruse and nature. Baudrillard so argues that there are three â€Å" orders of simulacra † . Simulacra ( Simulacres in Gallic agencies: stereotype, a pseudo-thing, an empty signifier, a clean signifier ) is one of the cardinal constructs of postmodern aesthetics. ( Asanowicz, 2014 ) . The first order of simulacra is related to the pre-modern period where the image is a clear imitation of the existent. Baudrillard associates the 2nd order of simulacra with the industrial revoluti on of the 19th century where mass production and the addition of transcripts break down the differences between the representation and the image. The 3rd order of simulacra is specifically associated with the postmodern age. It suggests that the representation precedes and determines the existent. The differentiation between world and its representation is has disappeared and there is merely the simulacrum. Baudrillard defined this deformation of the lines between the original and its transcript as the ‘hyperreal’ ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) . Not merely does the simulacrum imitate the original but the simulacrum of truth is truer than true and therefore the hyperreal is realer than existent. ( Horrocks & A ; Jevtic, 1999 ) This sort of fake image is all around us, nature militias are constructed to mask the absence the natural environment in urban countries. Reallity Television plans are edited to romanticise the mundane. Baudrillard uses the illustration of Disneyland, â€Å"Disneyland is presented as fanciful in order to do us believe that the remainder is existent, whereas all of Los Angeles and the America that surrounds it are no longer existent, but belong to the hyperreal order and to the order of simulation. It is no longer a inquiry of a false representation of world ( political orientation ) but of hiding the fact that the existent is no longer existent, and therefore of salvaging the world principle.† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) . To associate this theory to a South African context I will utilize the illustration of Montesasino. While the fake environment is obviously false, invitees at Montecasino buy into the â€Å"reality† of phantasy because society will continually absorb simula cra and its penchant for it over world. Offering a excess of services and amusement options in a Tuscan themed environment, Montecasino disorientates and mesmerises its invitees in a universe of phantasy where disbursement money enhances engagement in, and enjoyment of the retail and leisure experience. Baudrillard remarks on the bleary differentiations between civilization, consumerism and individuality: â€Å"Work, leisure, nature and civilization, all antecedently dispersed, separate, and all more or less irreducible activities that produced anxiousness and complexness in our existent life, and in our ‘anarchic and archaic’ metropoliss, have eventually become assorted, massaged, clime controlled and domesticated into the simple activity of ageless shopping. All these activities have eventually become desexed into a individual hermaphroditic atmosphere of style† ( Baudrillard, 2001 ) . Another illustration of hyperreality is that of Multiaˆ?User Virtual Environments. This has fascinated me since I engaged my first multi-player role-playing computing machine game and recognized the habit-forming qualities it stirred. Today these practical environments are much more sophisticated with practical universes like World of Warcraft and Second Life imitating non merely of our physical universe but besides of our societal, political and economic status. Second Life has an active socialist party, an opposing Marxist party and even an nihilist group. Prostitution, chancing and consumerism are cardinal to the simulation. Users of these environments create embodiments which they define as the most accurate contemplation of theirrealself. Aside from hyperreality, many of the constructs Baudrillard postulates in Simulacra and Simulation are present. It is a semiological perfect universe, where the users are deprived of the ability to travel, eat and drink. The embodiments hav e nil else to devour but â€Å"signs† of the existent. Embodiments can lease cocottes to hold sex which is devoid of human contact or experience accordingly devouring the â€Å"sign† of holding sex. The embodiments buy expensive practical apparels to show the differentiation against the embodiments have oning free apparels. No existent apparels have changed custodies, but people spend existent that they have really earned to devour â€Å"signs† of goods. From a modernist this would look irrational but Baudrillards states that, â€Å"Nothing resembles itself, and holographic reproduction, like all phantasies of the exact synthesis or Resurrection of the existent ( this besides goes for scientific experimentation ) , is already no longer existent, is already hyperreal† ( Baudrillard, 1994 ) , therefore it could be argued that there is no difference in devouring something â€Å"real† or a â€Å"sign of the real† . The newest stage of consumer society is consequently concerned with the consequence of digital ingestion. This is intensified by globalization, new information engineerings and real-time communicating. In the following subdivision I will discourse the deductions of society’s preoccupation with ingestion and hyperreality on Architecture.Post-Modern Architecture in a consumer societyFrederic Jameson suggests that Postmodernism replicates or reproduces and reinforces the logic of consumer capitalist economy. Therefore when we study a consumer society we should concentrate on the seductive and tempting as this is inherit to the consumer life style. In architecture footings such as image, atmosphere and captivation of visual aspect are more of import than modern impressions of individuality, rationalism, naturalism and functionalism ( Jameson, 2002 ) . Few modern-day designers have consciously thought of their plants with consideration to our image goaded civilization. In â€Å"Visions’ Unfolding: Architecture in the Age of Electronical Media† , Peter Eisenman postulates that by utilizing computing machine plans which randomly fold surfaces and link the edifice and landscape into one uninterrupted whole, the architecture does non give up to any peculiar account, but continuously disrupts what is defined as architecture ( Eisenman, 1999 ) . This does turn to the thought of surface being the most of import facet of design but the job is that the plants is perchance non seductive plenty, instead the work is simply absorbing. On the other manus the work of Jean Nouvel is shrouded in the captivation of visual aspect. In Jean Nouvel in Conversation: Tomorrow Can Take Care of Itself, he says that â€Å"image is the affair of architecture and therefore the hereafter of architecture is non architectural in the tectonic senseâ€Å" . Nouvel emphasises that his architecture is non composed of infinite but of communicative surfaces, which he calls interfaces. He is non interested in inside informations but merely in images. Koolhaas and Tschumi are two other designers that have based their plants on a witting survey of atmosphere instead than maps or significances in architecture. Last one can non bury to advert Bernard Tshumi. After the perpendicular, modern, in La Villette we have the horizontal, minimum, conceptual and postmodern hyperrealism. The â€Å"cinematic† versions in the architecture enable â€Å"events† and are said to supply new freedom for the visitant when taking paths and point of views. Last the celebrated â€Å"congestion† in Koolhaas’ plants can be recognised as an atmospheric consequence created by â€Å"programming† . Koolhaas tries to make architecture congested with the multitudes in diverse actions. These actions have typically non been assigned a specific topographic point. Rational individuality must be abandoned when construing mass society.DecisionIn its most recent signifiers, architecture is already going transparent, Mobile, flexible and synergistic. It about tries to vanish in order to allow a conjectural mass creativeness show through. It replaces the immaterial with drifting regulations of the game, a screen of deconstruction which leaves the topics rather free to contrive their ain game regulations. Besides, architecture is non the lone thing to give manner to this synergistic Utopia of exchange and playful diversion: all art, political relations and practical engineering is traveling in this way. These inclinations manifest themselves in modern-day architecture in the new possibilities for pluralism, â€Å"open† architecture, the flexible interrelatedness between manufacturers and consumers, interactivity, and â€Å"the advanced consumers† . Moralism against consumer society and commercial architecture does non work because it is characteristic of consumer society itself that it spreads moralities refering how people should populate and which sort of edifices they should hold. These moralities refering consumers are disguised in the signifier of â€Å"choices† . Neither edifice without designers nor pragmatist architecture can do the place of designers better in society, because these phenomena are already included in the mythologies of consumer society. As concerns the relevancy of Baudrillard’s theory in architecture, it has become evident through my theoretical work that this makes impossible such traditional architectural constructs in general as creativeness, the fulfilling of demands and functionality. Architects can merely rush up or decelerate down interpersonal socio-economic procedures and in this manner increase societal reciprocality and coherence. Harmonizing to Baudrillard’s analysis of the present socio-economic forms in society, it has become about impossible to do genuinely seductive and mutual architecture. Baudrillard’s theory does non go forth really much for designers to tilt on, up to the inquiry of inquiring whether architecture can at all be designed under Baudrillard’s footings, nevertheless credible he is in indicating out the important problematics of civilization in consumer society. Beginning List HILDE HEYNEN, 2000, Architecture and Modernity: A Critique, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 8-24 JEAN BAUDRILLARD, 1994. The precession of simulacra, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1-42. JEAN BAUDRILLARD, 1982, Modernite , † in La modernite ou l’esprit du temps, Biennale de Paris, Section Architecture, Paris, L’Equerre, 27-28. PETER EISENMAN, 1994, Visions’ Unfolding: Architecture in the Age of Electronical Media, Michigan, A+U Publishers, 2-5. REM KOOLHAAS & A ; SANFORD KWINTER, 1996, Conversations with Students, New York, Princeton Architect ural Press, p 5-6. 1

Questionnaire Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2707 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Questionnaire Assignment Company of choice: Event Cinemas New Zealand Topic of the questionnaire: marketing performance Intention of the questionnaire: to find out the marketing performance of the product named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Gift Cardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (how often, the source and possible improvement), in order to better target and improve sales. What is your gender? Male Female Which age group do you belong to? Below 18 19 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 29 30 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 40 41 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 51 52 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 62 Above 62 How often do you go to cinemas to watch movies? Twice a week or more Once a week Once a month Once a quarter Once a year Never How do you usually purchase your ticket? Book online (Please go to Question 5) Buy at the counter (Please go to Question 6) Which website do you usually purchase your ticket from? www.eventcinemas.co.nz www.hoyts.co.nz Others (please specify _______________) Which payment method do you use more often? Cash or EFTOPS or credit card (Please go to Question 7) Gift Card/Movie Money/Other Vouchers (Please go to Question 8) Would you like to use Gift Cards instead? Yes (Please go to Question 9) No (Please go to Question 10) How do you obtain the Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Buy it myself (If tick, where? __________________ ) Gift from friends or families or others (If tick, which period, e.g. birthday day, Christmas, etc, please specify __________________ ) What would encourage you to use a Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Discount Card Looking Design Others (please specify _________________________ ) What would change your mind to use Gift Card/Movie Money/Voucher? Discount Card Looking Design Others (please specify _________________________ ) LO1 Q A regarding My Own Questionnaire Q1: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questionnaire Assignment" essay for you Create order To specify measurement method, four scales are commonly used, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio respectively. In my questionnaire presented above, the nominal scale can clearly be identified in the very first question à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is your gender?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  intended to categorize the interviewee. Though not as clear as its counterpart, the ordinal scale, I believe, can still be revealed in Q3, which focus on the frequency of the interviewee going to the cinema to watch movies, as it has identity and magnitude and can be sorted out in order, despite the slightly complicated appearance. The interval scale is used in Q2 regarding the age of the interviewee, where the interval is chosen as 10 years and the dimensions are deliberately more than usual in order to accurately capture the target market. Unfortunately, according to my understanding and observation, the ratio scale is not used the questionnaire below. As for the scaling method, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  appears as male or female in Q1, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“magnitudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  used in Q3 shows growing trend of frequency in terms of going to the cinemas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal intervalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is specified as 10 years in Q2 to categorize and distinguish interviewees, while also in Q3 the dimension of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Neverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was used to set up the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“minimum value of zeroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Q3: Four primary scales of measurement are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“magnitudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal intervalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a minimum value of zeroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Identity means that each number has a particular meaning. For example, in the common practice of rating a film on film-critic websites like IMDB, 5 or 5 stars means the film is brilliant or the reviewer is absolutely amazed by this particular film. 4 or 4 stars means the film is good, not great, yet still worth watching. 3 or 3 stars might label a film as mediocre while 2 or 2 stars show a film is very unflattering. Unfortunately 1 or 1 star could make a film as a disaster. Magnitude means that numbers have an inherent order from smaller to larger. Enjoying the convenience of the example listed under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , from 5/5 stars to 1/1stars, each choice of number is not only given a specific meaning or gravity of how a film is reviewed, but also can be sorted out in order from 5 the best to 1 the worst. Equal intervals means that the differences between numbers (units) anywhere on the scale is the same. The example of this scale can be easily seen as age-related questions where each given dimension enjoys the same interval, no matter how small or big the number itself it. A minimum of zero means that the zero point represents the absence of the property being measured, which I consider as a bottom line where nothing exist beyond. For example, the question of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“how oftenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which concerns the frequency of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behavior, can have a dimension of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“neverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to set as the absolute zero. Q4: Comparative scaling means the items are directly compared to each other, while in the case of non-comparative scaling, each item is scaled independently of the others. In comparative scaling, the scale of paired comparison is commonly used. For example in my own questionnaire, Q5 has an attempt of doing a direct comparison between two websites of two major film exhibitors, Event Cinemas and Hoyts Cinemas, even though a mild third party as in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  were listed as well just for collecting more information. Dollar Metric Comparison is also another useful scale for comparative scaling. To follow up my own questionnaire designed to find out the market performance of Gift Card, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to add a question asking the interviewee how much they are willing to pay to get lager Gift Card Credits. Or in other examples, dollar metric can be seen in consulting the proper price for Burger Kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s combo. In non-comparative scales, semantic scales are usual practice, which allows the interviewee to use extensive words rather than numbers to describe their feelings about a certain product or brand on scales with semantic labels. I think the example of this kind is obviously seen in questions starting with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How do you feel after usingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , such as shampoo or conditioner where interviewee can specifically describe the change of their hair. While the other common scale of measurement is called liken scales, where a set of degrees are given to the scale or label. For example, the question/statement could be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The costumer service in Event Cinema is goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and the dimensions are choices for the interviewee to agree or disagree to the statement with even extra emotion added. Q5: Cluster analysis Cluster analysis can be understood as group analysis, meaning the objects be analyzed tend to have similarities with each other yet however these similarities are not shared with other groups. These similarities are commonly seen as age, gender, income, country, religion and so on. In my field of research on Event Cinemas, clusters are quite common and easily seen. In my last questionnaire designed to see the marketing performance of the product named Gift Card, my very first two questions were specifically designed and intentionally put in the very beginning of the questionnaire to channel the respondents to their clusters. The first question, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is your gender?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was meant to categorize the respondents into different gender in order to see thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s any difference on customer behavior between the two à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more leaning towards using Gift Card, male or female? The second question, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Which age group do you belong to?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meant to further comb the respondents and the age scale were used to dive deeper in the purpose of seeing which age cluster is the most user/consumer of Gift Card à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" teenagers below 18, or young adult before their 3 0s, or the middle agers, or even the seniors? The three characteristics of a good quality clustering analysis are as follows: A clear object In order to conduct a good quality clustering, the object of this analysis shall be clearly identified and carried throughout the researching. Or if put in simple words, it means, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You should always know what you want and what you are doing.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Thus in the practice of conducting the questionnaire, the interviewer can be able to clearly identify what kind of respondents are needed to better contribute to the research. Otherwise, things tend to run out of the track. Similarities and differences Similarities are the glue that attaches each to be a member of the cluster. Thus similarities are expected and easily discovered among the group, which help and contribute to the research. However, differences can also exist within the same group, though easily neglected, which may be worth looking into as well. Good implementation Words stay as words if not well spoken, so do analysis and research. No matter how many clusters you fancily gather, if the result of the research doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t deliver well in terms of the whole research, the clustering itself is nothing but a window decoration. In another perspective, in order to put clustering in better use, the proper methods shall be used, for example, the clusters shall be carefully divided, meaning each of the clusters need to be clearly cut and defined, to avoid any possible mix up which definitely contributes to wrong data analysis. LO2 Q6: Quantitative and qualities methods and examples Quantitative methods, as it literally shows, means numbers, which makes the research measurable. Its advantage and disadvantage are as follows: Advantage: given its numerous nature, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s easier to compile the data and make further analysis, which in a way makes the result more objective. Disadvantage: despite its convenience of using the numbers, the method itself is usually used for larger scale of research, which can be not only unnecessary but also very costly. Qualitative methods, on the other hand, are more of descriptions or words that respondents use to express feelings they have regarding the questions. In this sense, its advantage and disadvantage are surely different yet as specified below: Advantage: since ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a purely description, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very easy to understand and help a great deal specially in specifying feelings interviewees have towards a certain product. And ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also good to collect more and lively details. Disadvantage: exactly because of its form of description, no statistic data can be applied to this method, which in return makes the method itself very limited in using. Q7 Depth Interviews Definition: Approved by the client, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a secure and confidential conversation between an interview and a respondent. Guided by a thoroughly composed interview, the interviewer conducts the conversation encompassing the topics that are crucial to the purpose and the issue of the survey. Advantage: This particular method excels in reaching a large sample, which greatly contributes to abundant data collection. Disadvantage: Exactly due to the advantage mentioned below, the method can be very time consuming, as unlike conventional telephone or online questionnaire, the respondents are approached and invested in with more times. Example: Unfortunately this method was not used in my last questionnaire regarding the marketing performance of Gift Card. However, after learning it in the class, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to add it to polish my questionnaire in terms of getting more specified and individualized feedback from the customers. Since the mission of my questionnaire is to see the performance of Gift Card in the market (e.g. is it widely enjoyed or not? What can be done to improve it?), the method of depth interview can be used in digging out customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ suggestions on how to better use the card. Therefore, it shall include a set of well-structured questions targeting at specifics of their after-use feelings and suggestions. Focus Groups Definition: The method of focus groups usually refers to a group of 10 or fewer people, who are asked of a series of questions or to given their opinions on new products. The data gathered from focus groups are viewed ad studied to measure the reaction of the larger market population. Advantage: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an easy method to measure customer reaction, as usually the nature of the method can provide immediate ideas for reaction or improvement towards certain products or even impression of companies or competitors. Disadvantage:Compared to individual interviews, focus groups tend to lose touch with each member of the group whose specific opinion may provide more insight. Exactly because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not in depth, thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a possibility that the member may not express their honest and personal opinions about the topic at hand. Example: In my questionnaire, a dimension/thought was lay out to target at people of different ages, in the purpose of seeing clearly which age group Gift Card plays better in. So when conducted, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to choose five respondents for each age group (six groups in total), the cluster of whom should be able to represent their age and give me a better idea. Projective Techniques Definition: Projective Techniques are indirect and unstructured methods of investigation which have been developed by the psychologists and use projection of respondents for inferring about underline motives, urges or intentions which cannot be secure through direct questioning as the respondent either resists to reveal them or is unable to figure out himself. Advantage: Being useful in giving respondents opportunities to express their attitudes without personal embarrassment, this method helps the respondents to project his attitude and feelings unconsciously on the subject under study. Disadvantage:This method has a big demand on highly trainedinterviewers and skilled interpreters, which are rarely seen or hard to find in daily common practice, which certainly brings obstacles to carry out the research. Example: Well portrayed in a once-popular US TV series named Lie to Me, this amazing method, carried out by highly skilled interpreters who are usually excellent psychological professionals, plays a wonderfully crucial role in correctly projecting potential criminal behaviors. Random Probability Sampling Definition: It is a random sample from whole population that each individual in the population of interest has an equal likelihood of selection. Advantage: One of the main advantages of probability sampling is that it offers a feeling of fairness among the people who are or are not chosen. Disadvantage:If applied with a large scale, it could potentially be very time consuming. Example: As an easy and convenient method, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s widely and commonly seen in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lucky drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  sort of activities or even sales promotions. Q8 Face-to-Face Interviewing Definition: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a conversational method that requires a face-to-face approach or way of communication between the interviewer and interviewee. Advantage: With the fun of meeting the respondent in person, this method enables the interviewer establish rapport with potential participants and therefore gain their cooperation. Disadvantage: If applied in large scare, this method can be very time consuming and expensive. Example: As for my own research with the help of my questionnaire, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d like to gather more information by conducting more questionnaires in this method, which enables me to see more details, especially the spontaneous reactions from potential customers. Telephone Interviewing Definition:It means interviews conducted by the mean of telephone communication. Advantage: Thanks to the convenience of making a phone call, the method can save the researcher much time. Disadvantage: The response rate may be less than the rate of face-to-face interviewing as various possibilities may stand in the way, such as the wide dislike towards telemarketers may stop someone from even answering the call. Example: I remember back in China, whenever I purchased something from an optical shop with which I had a membership card, a call always came asking if I was happy about the service. Postal and Self-Completion Market Research Definition: This method refers to the questionnaires sent via post, which rely on the respondents themselves to finish and submit. Advantage: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s easy to be applied for large scale researching and has very low cost. Disadvantage: Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no guarantee that enough surveys will be filled in to form an accurate view of the research group. Example: I think ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commonly seen as a single leaf of page inside a magazine, which asked for the readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feedback on this particular issue, purchased. Omnibus Market Research Surveys Definition: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a method where data on a wide variety of subjects is collected during the same interview. Advantage:Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a good way to save the cost because the sampling and screening costs are shared across multiple clients. Disadvantage: Since ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conducted by sharing time and efforts with other topics, the particular topic of this research might be less emphasized or in some cases even neglected, which would certainly affect the result. Example:In my personal experience of being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“researchedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on, when it comes to female consumer behavior, a few products would like to line up together to ask the questions, such as makeup and perfume. Chanray Chen DB681

The Four Noble Truths Of Buddhism - 1642 Words

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A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management

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Thesis guidelines free essay sample

Masters thesis is a personal independent academic work repaper by the student. The student is advised to start preparing the masters thesis in the second year of higher degree studies. The student has to sign up for a research seminar group of the major subject. The masters thesis must show familiarity with previous work in the field and must demonstrate ability to use research methods and academic style. The aim of the masters thesis is to improve the students ability for independent research work and its practical application as well as to enable the student to apply different research methods both independently and in groups.Furthermore, masters thesis must demonstrate the students ability to use relevant literature and to present research results as well as show ability for doctoral studies. The student has to prepare a masters thesis in order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration (higher university degree). The subject of the thesis is suggested by the student and approved by the thesis supervisor of the major department. Teachers may provide help in choosing the subject. 2. 2.Credits During the advanced level studies of masters degree studies, the student repaper a masters thesis, which comprises 30 SECTS. 2. 3. Supervision The Masters thesis is supervised by a teacher of the major field. The supervisor gives general guidance during the writing process and more detailed advice when necessary. The supervisor gives feedback about the thesis and may ask the student to report on the progress of the work. The thesis must be submitted to the faculty in 3 or 4 bound copies. One copy should be submitted to each examiner of the thesis.In addition, one or two copies should be submitted to the Amanuensis, depending on whether or not he student gives permission to publish the thesis online in Triton database. An electronic copy of the whole thesis and an abstract must be saved to the Attritions database regardless Of the students 6 decision on public availability. The work and abstract are submitted to Triton by filling in a thesis form at http:MN. Www. Triton. If/? D=140=1. The thesis cannot be approved unless the work is successfully submitted to Triton. Theses copies submitted to the University are not returned to the student.One copy of the thesis must be submitted to the Amanuensis if the student allows his or her work to be made publicly available outside the Triton network. If the wok is not to be shown publicly, two copies must be submitted. In addition, an abstract without page number must be submitted to the Man ensues of the Faculty of Technology. The student should submit only the abstract which is written in the language used in the thesis. The evaluation time for a Masters thesis is 30 days. This means that the thesis has to be left to the examiners and the Amanuensis for evaluation approximately 5 weeks before the expected acceptance date.If the Masters Hess is the last study attainment of the student, it should be available for the Deans decision at least 10 days before the deadline for submitting the application for degree certificate (which is 28 days before the graduation day). The Dean usually processes theses two times each month. It is recommended that students check the schedule for graduation well beforehand from the university web pages at http://www. Sass. If/English/studies/degree-and- obstreperousnesss/academic-information/graduation/. The schedule Of the Deans thesis processing is available from the Amanuensis, if needed. Two evaluators assigned by the Head of the appropriate department make a statement about the thesis to the Dean within 30 days of the day the thesis is submitted for evaluation. Usually one of the evaluators is the supervisor of the thesis. The student is reserved the right to see the statements and a suggestion for the grading before the work is taken to the Dean for approval. The Dean decides on approval of the thesis and confirms the grade based on the statements and suggestion made by the examiners.The grading scale for Masters thesis is sufficient, satisfactory, good, very good, and excellent. After the Deans decision has been made, the student will receive a notification about the grade of the thesis and a copy of the evaluators statement by post. The student dissatisfied with the thesis grading may apply to the degree committee of the University of Vass in writing for rectification of the evaluation of the Masters thesis within 14 days of the day when the grade was released (Universities Act 558/2009, Section 82, and the University of Vass Degree Ordinance, Section 13).An appeal Cannot be made against the decision made by the degree committee on the request for rectification of the session concerning the evaluation of a study attainment. In order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration, the student also has to pass a written maturity essay. In the maturity essay, the student is expected to demonstrate knowledge of the subject matter of the masters thesis in a supervised examination. In addition, the student is expected to show ability to write fluent Finnish or Swedish (see exceptions below).Finnish students write the maturity essay in the language in which the student has received elementary education (Finnish or Swedish). A completed maturity essay in the language of elementary education gives the student excellent language proficiency in the appropriate language (in compliance with Decree A 481 / 2003). In case the student has already completed a maturity essay for a bachelors degree in the same language, the maturity essay for the higher degree concerns only content, not language proficiency.In this case, the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty (see Decree on University Degrees, section 16 subsection 3; or the University of Vass Degree Ordinance, Section 17). The same applies in all asses where the student has already completed a maturity essay for another higher education degree; the maturity essay concerns only content. Students who have completed their elementary education in a language other than Finnish or Swedish or have received elementary education outside Finland are not 8 required to prove their language proficiency in the maturity essay.Also in these cases the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty. International students who have not received their elementary education in Finnish or Swedish but have obtained sufficient langu age proficiency in Finnish or Swedish may complete their maturity essay in Finnish or Swedish. In this case, language proficiency is assessed according to the criteria used for Finnish students. A successfully completed maturity essay gives the student good language proficiency in Finnish or Swedish in compliance with Decree A 481/2003, and it will be stated in the degree certificate as well.The Maturity essay can be completed on any of the general examination days. Registration must be made with a form and registration envelope available at the Academic Affairs office. The form is available also at the web pages of the Language Centre. The student may register for the maturity essay only after the Masters thesis has been left for inspection in its final form. The examination date for maturity essay must be agreed on with the thesis supervisor and should be at least 7 days after the thesis has been left for inspection.In the maturity essay, the student is given two or three questions on the subject of the students masters thesis. The student is required to answer one of the questions by an essay. The essay should be written for a reader that is familiar with the appropriate field but has not studied the specific search topic of the masters thesis. In other words, the maturity essay should comprise an independent text and the student should not assume that the reader is familiar with the masters thesis. In addition to academic content, the essay must also demonstrate good language proficiency and comprise a logical, well-structured whole.It must present the topic in writing, not by graphical presentations like tables or charts. The essay must also have a heading (otherwise the examiner evaluating the language of the thesis will not be able to see whether the essay really answers the question). The essay must have an introduction and a conclusion. Suggested length of the essay is approximately one examination sheet (four pages). It should be written on each line of the paper with empty lines separating between paragraphs. After the first draft, it is advisable to rewrite the maturity essay, with special emphasis on clear handwriting.Words should be clearly separate and the difference between capital and lower case letters should be clearly shown. The essay must show knowledge of the basics of grammar and punctuation. Excessive use of abbreviations should be avoided. Sentences and clauses just be clearly connected, and they should be logical and show variation. Incorrect reference relationships must be avoided. Word order must be unambiguous and fit the structure of the presented information. The essay must be written in a factual style. Further advice is available at: www. Sass. i/ qualitatively/popsicle/separately/. The result of the maturity essay must be given within 30 days from the date of examination. The grading scale for maturity essay is pass/fail (no other grade). In case the maturity essay is failed on the basis of its content, the student must meet with the thesis supervisor n order to receive feedback before registering for a retake. If the reason for failing is related to problems in the language, the student must contact the examiner responsible for evaluating the language of the essay. 2. 6. Publicity All theses are public documents.According to the Act on the Openness of Government Activities (621 / 1 999), official documents shall be in the public domain, unless specifically otherwise provided by the law. A masters thesis becomes public when it has been officially approved. With commissioned theses, the commissioner may demand that a thesis or arts of it have to remain non-public in order to protect business or professional secrets. In this case, those parts of the work that contain such secrets are not integrated into the masters thesis, but annexed to the thesis as background material.The background material must conform to the general guidelines on writing masters thesis and must be left for inspection at the same time and in as many copies as the masters thesis. The background material is not bound together with the masters thesis but submitted separately with its own title page and titled BACKGROUND MATERIAL. However, general, non-specific information from he background material should be incorporated in the text of the masters thesis whenever possible.The minimum requirements for the masters thesis proper are that it specifies the theoretical framework, research methods, materi al and its analysis, and has a list of references. It must comprise an independent, readable whole. Background material is evaluated together with the actual masters thesis but is not made public. After the evaluation, the background material IS archived and kept in a secure place at the appropriate department. Use of non-public background material must always be discussed in advance tit the thesis supervisor.For information on layout and other technical details of matters thesis, see faculty general guidelines on writing theses. Further advice is given by the staff of the faculty and departments. The student may write the masters thesis also in languages other than Finnish or Swedish. For practical reasons, this language is usually English as the evaluators of the thesis have to master the language in order to be able to evaluate the academic quality of the thesis. Using a language other than Finnish or Swedish must always be discussed with the thesis supervisor in advance.International students are advised to consult the thesis supervisor and amanuensis about their thesis and maturity essay before they start preparing their masters thesis. The student is personally responsible for expenses resulting from for example use of language consultant etc. Appendix 1 shows the names of the departments, subjects, study programmers and modules in Swedish, and English. Masters thesis can be structured as follows: Title page Table of contents (Symbols and abbreviations) (Pictures) (Tables) Abstract Introduction Main body text (methods, discussion, results) Conclusions List of referencesAppendices Parts in parentheses are not compulsory. The title of the masters thesis should be short, clear and expressive of the content (field and orientation). The student may use a subtitle in order to add focus to the title. No abbreviations should be used in the title. 4. 2. Covers The masters thesis must be bound in hard, dark blue covers (marble blue for licentiate theses for the Faculty of Technology), page size AY. It is advisable to reserve enough time for the printing process at least a week.Lettering on the front cover should appear in the color Gold and font Palatine, Times New Roman or equivalent: MASTERS THESIS or LICENTIATE THESIS. Centered, bottom margin mummy (font size PPTP) Authors name (bottom right corner with 30-35 mm margins from bottom and right, font size 20 pet) teetering on the spine of the thesis should appear in the color Gold and font as above: Authors name (on the left of the spine with mm margin on left) Year Of publication (on the right of the spine with mm margin on right) The student should pay attention to the printing quality of the masters thesis.